Motor Commands for Planar Movements of the Upper Limb: Modeling with Taking into Account Realistic Osteo-Muscular Relations

Gorkovenko, A. V.; Страфун, С.С.; Kulyk, Yu. A.; Pilewska, Wiesława; Zasada, Mariusz; Kostyukov, A. I.

doi:10.1007/s11062-020-09874-1

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The pressure on the handle was created by a subject in accordance with an arbitrary contraction program (ACP) that was prepared in advance together with the imposed movement program (IMP) for the handle transitions of the mechatronic mechanostimulator (MMS). The muscle lengths and forces were evaluated in an off-line regimen using a corresponding model approach based on the 3D prints of the bones of this subject ( Gorkovenko et al, 2020 ), therefore the presented single records of force and length correspond to all identical movements used for further averaging procedure of the EMG records in six repetitions of the tests (see Methods). Note the different calibration scales for EMGs recorded from different muscles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various types of synergies between the central commands accompanying the execution of the circular movements are discussed with a special attention to the geometry of test movements ( Figures 1B,C ). Preliminary results were published earlier ( Tomiak et al, 2016 ), and the present study was performed using a new experimental setup ( Zasada et al, 2020 ) and anthropometric identification of the arm bones in one of the study participants ( Gorkovenko et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The muscle length evaluation was based on the measurement of a graphic model built on images of upper extremity bones and soft tissue. Here, we provide only a concise description; however, more details can be found in our earlier publication ( Gorkovenko et al, 2020 ). Images of the bones of the right arm (clavicula, scapula, humerus, ulna and radius) were obtained by X-ray tube.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Experimental setup. (A) Geometry of the test movements; the respective graphs are built in a scale for the subject YK, for whom the tomographic identification of the joint bones had been preliminarily performed ( Gorkovenko et al, 2020 ). The center of the circle of movement (a thickened line in the family of concentric circles, R = 10 cm) was located on a line perpendicular to the frontal plane passing through the axis of the subject’s right shoulder joint; the distance from the circle center to the joint center was 40 cm, and the lengths of the SE and EH segments were 28 and 32 cm, respectively (the distances can be used as a scale for this Panel).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To make a real step in this direction, for one of the subjects, there was carried out MRI identification and 3D printing of the arm bones, which made it possible to reconstruct the length and force traces of all the muscles under study. ( Gorkovenko et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Central Commands to the Elbow and Shoulder Muscles During Circular Planar Movements of Hand With Simultaneous Generation of Tangential Forces

et al. 2022

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This study examines some of the non-linear effects of signal transduction in the human motor system, with particular emphasis on muscle hysteresis. The movement tests were analyzed in a group of eight subjects, which were asked to develop tangential force using visual biofeedback while performing slow, externally imposed, circular movements of right hand holding a moving handle operated by a computerized mechatronic system. The positional changes in the averaged EMGs of the elbow and shoulder muscles were compared for all combinations of direction of movement and generated force. Additionally, for one of the subjects, there was carried out MRI identification and 3D printing of the bones of the forelimb, shoulder, scapula and collarbone, which made it possible to reconstruct for him the length and force traces of all the muscles under study. The averaged EMG traces in muscles of both joints show their close correspondence to the related force traces, however, the co-activation patterns of activity in agonists and antagonists were also often encountered. The EMG waves related to the respective force waves were strongly dependent on the predominant direction of the muscle length changes within the correspondent force wave locations: the EMG intensities were higher for the shortening muscle movements (concentric contractions) and lower during muscle lengthening (eccentric contractions). The data obtained allows to suggest that for two-joint movements of the forelimbs, it is sufficient to consider the force and activation synergies (patterns of simultaneous activity in different muscles), ignoring at the first stage the effects associated with kinematic synergy. On the other hand, the data obtained indicate that the movement kinematics has a strong modulating effect on the activation synergy, dividing it into concentric and eccentric subtypes, in accordance with the known non-linear features of the muscle dynamics. It has been shown that the concentric and eccentric differences in the responses of the shoulder muscles are more clearly distinguishable than those in the elbow muscles. The shoulder muscles also have a more pronounced symmetry of the averaged EMG responses with respect to the ascending and descending phases of force waves, while demonstrating a lower degree of antagonist cocontraction. The data obtained suggest that the central commands in two-joint movements are determined mainly by the interdependence of force and activation synergies including both intra- and inter-joint components, while kinematic synergy can be interpreted as a potent modulator of activation synergy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%