Motorcycle helmet use to reduce road traffic deaths in Thailand

Nishi, Akihiro; Singkham, Phathai; Takasaki, Yohsuke; Ichikawa, Masao; Chadbunchachai, Witaya; Shibuya, Kenji; Tanasugarn, Chanuantong

doi:10.2471/blt.18.215509

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…7 To improve the situation, the basic knowledge on who wears helmets and who does not wear helmets in Thailand is warranted. 16 However, such information has not been well summarized in the past literature. Moreover, multiple intervention studies to promote helmet use in Thailand have not been fully and jointly discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, multiple intervention studies to promote helmet use in Thailand have not been fully and jointly discussed. 8,16 Therefore, in the present systematic review article regarding helmet use among motorcyclists in Thailand, we had 2 specific aims. First, we aimed to review social determinants of the helmet use behavior such as age, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (“Epidemiology of helmet use”) in order to identify who is most necessary to target for helmet use interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review on Epidemiology and Promotion of Motorcycle Helmet Use in Thailand

German

Soontornmon

Singkham

et al. 2019

Asia Pac J Public Health

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Background. Road traffic accidents are the fourth leading cause of death in the entire population, and the first among the youth (ages 15-19 years) in Thailand. The situation in Thailand is worse than in neighboring low- to middle-income countries in the Southeast Asia region. Seventy-three percent of the deaths in the country are motorcycle drivers or passengers. Although motorcyclists (both drivers and passengers) have been obligated to wear helmets by law, the prevalence of helmet use nationwide is not high (43.7% in 2010). Methods. We performed a systematic review to examine potential social determinants of helmet use behavior (observational studies) and to summarize previous intervention studies to promote helmet use (interventional studies) in the country. Studies were identified in PubMed and Web of Science, and by additional review of Thai-written literature. Results. We identified 16 relevant studies for social determinants of helmet use and 5 relevant studies for promoting helmet use in Thailand. Our review shows that several factors such as teens and children (age), women (gender), rural areas (geography), and alcohol drinking (interaction with another behavior) are associated with non-helmet use. We also identified 4 interventional studies implemented in Thailand: 1 law enforcement program and 4 community-based educational programs. Although all the studies improved the prevalence of helmet use after the interventions, only 2 studies exceeded 50%. Conclusion. There is consistent evidence that being younger, being a woman, living in non-Bangkok areas, and drinking alcohol are associated with non-helmet use among motorcycle users in Thailand. We also observed that the effect of past intervention programs is limited.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review on Epidemiology and Promotion of Motorcycle Helmet Use in Thailand

German

Soontornmon

Singkham

et al. 2019

Asia Pac J Public Health

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“…There are evidence-based protective measures against head injuries for motorcycle riders in the literature; and the protective effects of helmet use has been well established in many studies. [7][8][9] Many attempts have been made to also provide empirical data on the cost-saving ability of helmet use among motorcyclists. 7,[10][11][12] It has been reported that use of helmets may reduce healthcare cost due to their protective effects against head injuries and TBIs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helmet Wearing Saves the Cost of Motorcycle Head Injuries: A Case Study from Karachi, Pakistan

Ali¹,

Malik²,

Khan³

et al. 2021

CEOR

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Purpose To estimate the difference in healthcare cost of head injuries among motorcycle helmet users and non-users. Methods Motorcycle crash victims with head injuries that were brought to a public, tertiary care emergency room in Karachi were studied through a descriptive cross-sectional design. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics, injury pattern, helmeting practice, length of hospital stay, out-of-pocket payments (OOPs), and healthcare service utilization at the facility to estimate total healthcare and other costs applying micro-costing methods during the hospitalization period. Results A total of 323 motorcyclists involved in crash were brought to a public tertiary care ER, 112 patients had head injuries and were enrolled in the study. The helmeted motorcyclists had a significantly lower median total healthcare cost of PKR 10,796 ($69) [IQR 9851 ($63)–PKR 12,581 ($80)] compared to higher cost of PKR 12,113 ($77) [IQR 10,431 ($66)−50,545 ($322)] (p value = 0.046) in non-helmeted. Helmet users expended significantly less cost on laboratory tests, PKR 365 ($2) [IQR 365 ($2)–548 ($3)] compared to PKR 3650 ($23) [IQR 365 ($2)–5840 ($37)] (p value =0.027) among non-users. Furthermore, cost of radiological investigations was also low among helmeted patients compared to non-helmeted ones, median PKR 4096 ($26) [IQR 3166 ($20)–5678 ($36)] vs 4750 ($30) [3166 ($20)−11,358 ($72)] (p value =0.049). The out-of-pocket payments (OOPs) for healthcare services were lower among helmet users as compared to non-users, with cost of PKR 17,750 ($113) [IQR 16,650 ($106)–18,000 ($115)] vs PKR 19,800 ($126) [IQR 12,300 ($78)–30,900 ($197)] (p value =0.03), respectively. Conclusion The result of this study demonstrates that helmet use among motorcyclists significantly reduced healthcare costs and healthcare resource utilizations during hospitalization for head injuries in Pakistan. Thus, it is important to implement strict helmet wearing laws to decrease head injuries and the cost burden on the healthcare facility and patients.

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“…Road traffic collisions also affect the economy with losses equivalent to 3.0% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Thailand 1. If Thailand is to achieve the goal for the Decade of Action for Road Safety and reduce the mortality to under 10 per 100 000, significant road safety improvements must be made, especially those targeting motorcyclists 3…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using street imagery and crowdsourcing internet marketplaces to measure motorcycle helmet use in Bangkok, Thailand

Merali

Lin

et al. 2019

Inj Prev

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IntroductionThe majority of Thailand’s road traffic deaths occur on motorised two-wheeled or three-wheeled vehicles. Accurately measuring helmet use is important for the evaluation of new legislation and enforcement. Current methods for estimating helmet use involve roadside observation or surveillance of police and hospital records, both of which are time-consuming and costly. Our objective was to develop a novel method of estimating motorcycle helmet use.MethodsUsing Google Maps, 3000 intersections in Bangkok were selected at random. At each intersection, hyperlinks of four images 90° apart were extracted. These 12 000 images were processed in Amazon Mechanical Turk using crowdsourcing to identify images containing motorcycles. The remaining images were sorted manually to determine helmet use.ResultsAfter processing, 462 unique motorcycle drivers were analysed. The overall helmet wearing rate was 66.7 % (95% CI 62.6 % to 71.0 %). Taxi drivers had higher helmet use, 88.4% (95% CI 78.4% to 94.9%), compared with non-taxi drivers, 62.8% (95% CI 57.9% to 67.6%). Helmet use on non-residential roads, 85.2% (95% CI 78.1 % to 90.7%), was higher compared with residential roads, 58.5% (95% CI 52.8% to 64.1%). Using logistic regression, the odds of a taxi driver wearing a helmet compared with a non-taxi driver was significantly increased 1.490 (p<0.01). The odds of helmet use on non-residential roads as compared with residential roads was also increased at 1.389 (p<0.01).ConclusionThis novel method of estimating helmet use has produced results similar to traditional methods. Applying this technology can reduce time and monetary costs and could be used anywhere street imagery is used. Future directions include automating this process through machine learning.

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Motorcycle helmet use to reduce road traffic deaths in Thailand

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

A Systematic Review on Epidemiology and Promotion of Motorcycle Helmet Use in Thailand

A Systematic Review on Epidemiology and Promotion of Motorcycle Helmet Use in Thailand

Helmet Wearing Saves the Cost of Motorcycle Head Injuries: A Case Study from Karachi, Pakistan

Using street imagery and crowdsourcing internet marketplaces to measure motorcycle helmet use in Bangkok, Thailand

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