Motorcycle riding posture: A review

Muthiah, Arunachalam; Mondal, Chirapriya; Singh, Gurdeep; Karmakar, Sougata

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2018.10.019

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Y-direction was the lateral vehicle axis with y=0 at the vehicle centerline, whereas Z-direction was vertical and upwards with z=0 at the ground level. [38]. When comparing the actual comfortable position of a real rider with the anthropometric measurements of the MATD, several disparities were observed [39].…”

Section: Vehicle Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of car front-end designs on motorcyclists’ trajectory in head-on and side-on-head crashes

Perticone,

Nardomarino,

Baldanzini

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Motorcyclists are highly vulnerable road users, and cars are one of their primary crash opponents. This study investigates the influence of car front-end designs on motorcyclist trajectory in head-on and side-on-head crashes. The analysis is based on a dataset of 120 multi-body crash simulations conducted using MADYMO and post-processed with MATLAB. An analysis of 1412 real-world Powered Two-Wheeler (PTW) to car accidents was conducted to determine the most common crash configurations and the associated ranges of the variables, such as vehicle speeds and contact points. Three PTW styles (sport-touring, scooter, and sport) and four car front-end designs (Sport utility vehicle (SUV), Family Car/Sedan (FCR), Roadster (RDS), and Multi-purpose vehicle (MPV)) were considered. The study examined the riders’ thrown distance in both collision types. It was observed that, regardless of the collision type, the head was identified overall as the primary body region coming into contact with the opposing vehicle, followed by the chest and neck. In frontal collisions, an augmented bonnet height corresponded to an increased incidence of head contact, whereas a lower bonnet height resulted in a higher frequency of chest contact. Moreover, the thrown distance depended also on PTW speed, particularly for sport and sport-touring motorcycles. Notably, contact with the car windscreen was only observed at velocities exceeding 60 km/h, whereas impact with the bonnet leading edge occurred exclusively below this threshold. Due to the shielding effect of their PTW’s fairing, scooter riders predominantly experienced no contact with the opposing vehicle. Sport-touring motorcycles exhibited a more vertical trajectory upon ejection, leading to a greater likelihood of overturning and subsequent rearward head impact with the vehicle. In contrast, sport motorcycles tended to forward projections with a high likelihood of chest contact. In the case of lateral impacts, it was observed that vehicles with a more prominent profile, such as SUVs and MPVs, equipped with protruding bumpers, effectively restrained riders. In this case, vehicle speed did not exert a significant influence on the thrown distance. Additionally, the presence of a conspicuous fuel tank and the initial posture of the rider on the PTW played a crucial role in determining the final thrown distance. Due to their upright postures and the absence of a pronounced fuel tank, scooter dummies were thrown further than others, thus causing head contact with the windscreen. These findings highlight the importance of car front-end design and PTW fairings in mitigating riders’ injuries and provide valuable insights to vehicle manufacturers for developing tailored safety measures for riders.

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Section: Vehicle Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of car front-end designs on motorcyclists’ trajectory in head-on and side-on-head crashes

Perticone,

Nardomarino,

Baldanzini

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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“…Human factors associated with motorcycle accidents may result from postural fatigue experienced during riding. Such fatigue may be caused by various factors, including damaged roads, bad weather conditions, inappropriate riding posture and mental load, overloaded payload, and high vibrations of the vehicle, among others [5][6][7]. High vibrations can be generated from several sources on the vehicle, such as the engine, drive train, low-quality tires, poor performance of the rear and/or front suspension, and incorrect positioning of feet and hands on the vehicle [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The suspension system plays a critical role in the overall performance of a motorcycle, particularly in terms of its ability to absorb vibrations and shocks resulting from the unevenness of the road surface. In this regard, researchers have mainly focused on ergonomics, semi-active suspension systems, and vibration absorption or isolation [5,[10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Analysis of Passenger Comfort with Variable Preloaded Rear Springs on a Low-Cylinder Motorcycle

Jiménez-Canoas,

Collazos-Burbano,

García-Melo

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The present study contains an experimental analysis of the vibratory response in a low-cylinder engine motorcycle at varying suspension preloads. Three different speed bumps of varying heights were used to subject the motorcycle to different vibrations. The analysis was carried out in three domains: time, frequency, and time-frequency. A triaxial accelerometer was used to measure the vibrations at the seat of the vehicle. The results indicated that the suspension system became more differentiated as the height of the bumps increased. However, for lower bumps, the action of the three spring preloads studied was quite similar. Quantitatively, only the higher bump showed a significant difference between the set preloads. The spectral distribution revealed that the frequency of interest was below 20 Hz for all the studied cases, which is in the same range of human body natural frequencies. The findings of this research can be utilized to enhance the design of low-cost motorcycles, thereby improving the safety and comfort of their drivers and passengers. This study constitutes a significant step towards developing an affordable system capable of gathering sufficient data to support the creation of evidence-based public health policies and propose new transport industry standards based on field measurements.

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“…16,17 Though motorcyclist's wearing tight clothing/suit might affect the motoring skill and ROM of the motorcyclist, 18,19 Indian motorcyclist usually wears simple clothing while riding. Arunachalam et al 20 in their literature survey reviewed 124 research articles published from India and abroad. This literature survey highlighted about the factors associated with motorcycle riding posture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the association of riders’ physical attributes with comfortable riding posture and optimal riding position

Muthiah

Singh

Karmakar

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

Self Cite

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In recent years, there has been a keen interest in the design improvisation of motorcycles. However, the theoretical model of association between motorcycle design attributes (like frame size/riding position) and rider’s physical attributes (like anthropometry, range of motion (ROM), and comfort joint angles) are not well established. This study aims to estimate the relationship between rider’s physical attributes and motorcycle design attributes. During this experimental study, the data was collected from 120 motorcyclists (aged between 19 and 44 years) belonging to 20 major states of India. A test-rig was fabricated to obtain the perceived comfort posture and position data using image processing technique. The anthropometry and ROM were manually measured and verified by reliability testing. The principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression were used to reduce the set of variables and estimate the relationship between 10 comfortable riding position and joint angles (as dependent variables), and the reduced set of 29 anthropometry and 20 ROM measurements (as the independent variables). These results indicate that the comfort joint angles and riding position were significantly associated with the anthropometrics and ROM of the riders. Highly significant regression models were formulated to examine the relationship between the comfort joint angles/riding position and the anthropometrics and ROM of the riders. The findings may support the motorcycle designers to design a comfortable motorcycle complying with Indian anthropometry and ROM.

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Motorcycle riding posture: A review

Cited by 21 publications

References 60 publications

Influence of car front-end designs on motorcyclists’ trajectory in head-on and side-on-head crashes

Influence of car front-end designs on motorcyclists’ trajectory in head-on and side-on-head crashes

Experimental Analysis of Passenger Comfort with Variable Preloaded Rear Springs on a Low-Cylinder Motorcycle

Exploring the association of riders’ physical attributes with comfortable riding posture and optimal riding position

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