Mountain-Associated Waves and their relation to Orographic Gravity Waves

Hupe, Patrick; Ceranna, Lars; Pilger, Christoph; Pichon, Alexis Le; Blanc, E.; Rapp, Markus

doi:10.1127/metz/2019/0982

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The corresponding phenomena, however, are either very raree.g., large meteorites like the Chelyabinsk fireball (Pilger et al, 2015) or spatially confined to middle to high latitudese.g., MAWs or auroras. MAWs are the most frequent source of these phenomena and associated with strong tropospheric winds over mountainous regions (e.g., Hupe et al, 2019b); hence the station location relative to the sources becomes relevant again.…”

Section: Processing Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The time step and window length are 30 min. Since MAWs are likely the mostly detected source in this frequency range (e.g., Hupe et al, 2019b), we name this product 'maw'.…”

Section: Data Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A focus is on the frequency range of microbaroms (0.1-0.6 Hz), as these are a quasi-continuous, coherent ambient noise source at the majority of infrasound stations and thus convenient to probe the stratospheric circulation (e.g., Landès et al, 2012;Assink et al, 2014;Ceranna et al, 2019). We additionally provide a low-frequency product (0.02-0.07 Hz), which covers phenomena such as MAWs (e.g., Hupe et al, 2019b) and aurora infrasound (e.g., Wilson et al, 2010), as well as a high-frequency product (1-3 Hz) particularly covering surf and transient events. The latter product also includes signatures of volcanic eruptions, while volcano infrasound can generally feature a broad frequency range including the very low frequencies and the microbarom range (e.g., Matoza et al, 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

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International Monitoring System infrasound data products for atmospheric studies and civilian applications

Hupe

Ceranna

Pichon

et al. 2022

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Abstract. The International Monitoring System (IMS) has been established since the late 1990s for the verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). The IMS is supposed to detect any explosion of at least 1 kt of TNT equivalent underground, underwater, and in the atmosphere. Upon completion, monitoring the Earth’s atmosphere for low-frequency pressure waves will be realized using up to 60 infrasound stations distributed over the globe. Acoustic waves in the infrasound range (between around 0.01 and 20 Hz) can efficiently propagate over long distances, subject to the winds near the stratopause at around 50 km. Therefore, infrasound observations of repeating or persistent sources have been suggested for probing the winds in the middle atmosphere, where numerical weather prediction models suffer from the lack of continuous observation technologies for data assimilation. One type of repetitive source is active volcanoes. In turn, this natural hazard for civil security can be monitored using infrasound, and first prototypes of applications for the release of early volcanic eruption warnings have been established. However, access to raw infrasound data or products of the IMS is limited to specific user groups, which might hinder the utilization of infrasound observations. In this study, we present advanced infrasound data products for atmospheric studies and civilian applications. For this purpose, 18 years of raw infrasound data (2003–2020) were reprocessed using the Progressive Multi-Channel Correlation method. A one-third octave frequency band configuration between 0.01 and 4 Hz was chosen for running this array-processing algorithm, which detects coherent infrasound waves within the background noise. From the comprehensive detection lists, each four products for 53 IMS infrasound stations were derived. The four products cover different frequency ranges and are provided at different temporal resolutions: a very low frequency set (0.02–0.07 Hz, 30 min; https://doi.org/10.25928/bgrseis_bblf-ifsd, Hupe et al., 2021a), two so-called microbarom frequency sets – covering both the lower (0.15–0.35 Hz, 15 min; https://doi.org/10.25928/bgrseis_mblf-ifsd, Hupe et al., 2021b) and a higher (0.45–0.65 Hz, 15 min; https://doi.org/10.25928/bgrseis_mbhf-ifsd, Hupe et al., 2021c) part – named after the dominant ambient noise of interacting ocean waves that is quasi-continuously detected at IMS stations, and observations with center frequencies of 1 to 3 Hz (5 min), called the high frequency product (https://doi.org/10.25928/bgrseis_bbhf-ifsd, Hupe et al., 2021d). Within these frequency ranges and time windows, the signals from the most dominant directions in terms of number of arrivals are summarized. Along with several detection parameters, calculated quantities for assessing the relative quality of the products are provided. The validity of the data products is demonstrated by diving into examples of recent events that produced infrasound detected at IMS infrasound stations, as well as a global assessment.

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Section: Processing Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The time step and window length are 30 min. Since MAWs are likely the mostly detected source in this frequency range (e.g., Hupe et al, 2019b), we name this product 'maw'.…”

Section: Data Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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International Monitoring System infrasound data products for atmospheric studies and civilian applications

Hupe

Ceranna

Pichon

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The cross-bearing approach adapted from [29] allowed locating the majority of the fireballs. The triangulation relies on the mean backazimuths of all PMCC detection pixels that are associated with an event.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Monitoring and Characterization of Infrasound Signatures by Large Fireballs

et al. 2020

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Large meteoroids can be registered in infrasound recordings during their entry into the Earth’s atmosphere. A comprehensive study of 10 large fireball events of the years 2018 and 2019 highlights their detection and characterization using global infrasound arrays of the International Monitoring System (IMS) of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). The study focuses on the observation and event analysis of the fireballs to estimate their respective location, yield, trajectory, and entry behavior. Signal characteristics are derived by applying the Progressive Multi-Channel Correlation method as an array technique. The comparison of the events with a NASA reference database as well as the application of atmospheric propagation modeling allows to draw conclusions about infrasound-based detection capability, localization accuracy, yield estimation, and source characterization. The infrasound technique provides a time- and location-independent remote monitoring opportunity of impacting near-Earth objects (NEOs), either independent or complementary to other fireball observation methods. Additionally, insights about the detection and localization capability of IMS infrasound stations can be gained from using large fireballs as reference events, being of importance for the continuous monitoring and verification of atmospheric explosions in a CTBT context.

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“…Atmosphere 2020, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 17 the yield as a kt TNT equivalent and thus also the size and mass of the meteoroid, asteroid, or reentering space debris can be estimated following the infrasound processing. The cross-bearing approach adapted from [29] allowed locating the majority of the fireballs. The triangulation relies on the mean backazimuths of all PMCC detection pixels that are associated with an event.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Monitoring and Characterization of Infrasound Signatures by Large Fireballs

Pilger¹,

Gaebler²,

Hupe³

et al. 2020

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Large meteoroids can be registered in infrasound recordings during their entry into the Earth's atmosphere. A comprehensive study of 10 large fireball events of the years 2018 and 2019 highlights their detection and characterization using global infrasound arrays of the International Monitoring System (IMS) of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). The study focuses on the observation and event analysis of the fireballs to estimate their respective location, yield, trajectory, and entry behavior. Signal characteristics are derived by applying the Progressive Multi-Channel Correlation method as an array technique. The comparison of the events with a NASA reference database as well as the application of atmospheric propagation modeling allows to draw conclusions about infrasound-based detection capability, localization accuracy, yield estimation, and source characterization. The infrasound technique provides a time-and location-independent remote monitoring opportunity of impacting near-Earth objects (NEOs), either independent or complementary to other fireball observation methods. Additionally, insights about the detection and localization capability of IMS infrasound stations can be gained from using large fireballs as reference events, being of importance for the continuous monitoring and verification of atmospheric explosions in a CTBT context.Atmosphere 2020, 11, 83 2 of 16 of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) [11]. Six infrasound arrays observed the 2004 Antarctica, 2004 Indian Ocean, and 2006 Egypt bolides with 10-20 kilotons of trinitrotoluene (kt TNT) equivalent yield each [12]. About 20 infrasound arrays observed the 2009 Sulawesi and the 2010 North Pacific (super-)bolides with 30-50 kt yield each [13,14]. Finally, 32 signal arrivals from at least 20 infrasound arrays also along long orthodrome paths and after complete circumnavigations of the Earth were recorded for the 2013 Chelyabinsk superbolide with 500 kt yield [15,16]. Together with the 173 kt Bering Sea fireball of December 2018, investigated in this study, these infrasound studies cover the four largest fireball events of the last decades.Large fireballs over populated areas can cause a lot of public attention. In the age of Social Media a huge amount of information is shared via various social media platforms as soon as an event happens. NEMO, the NEar real-time MOnitoring system for bright fireballs [17,18], is a project established to collect and combine information about such events in near real-time. For most fireball events it is possible to extract the date, time, and a rough location of an event from information shared only via Social Media. Using infrasound array data, it is furthermore possible to compute the yield and size of the entering object using the energy derived in the infrasound signals' dominant period band [19].Additional information about the object is usually available from other sources. One fast source is the American Meteor Society/International Meteor Organization (AMS/IMO) database for witnes...

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Mountain-Associated Waves and their relation to Orographic Gravity Waves

Cited by 6 publications

References 65 publications

International Monitoring System infrasound data products for atmospheric studies and civilian applications

International Monitoring System infrasound data products for atmospheric studies and civilian applications

Global Monitoring and Characterization of Infrasound Signatures by Large Fireballs

Global Monitoring and Characterization of Infrasound Signatures by Large Fireballs

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