Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells Suppress Antigen-Specific TH Cell Immunity Independent of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1)

Mesenchymal stem cells do not exert direct beneficial effects on CNS remyelination in the absence of the peripheral immune system

“…The reason for the different findings might be explained by the modulation of the peripheral immune system in inflammatory models of MS. Peripheral immune cells and especially T lymphocytes play a key role in EAE induction and it was shown that (Lanz et al, 2010;Zappia et al, 2005;Zhang et al, 2005) T cells reside within the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues of the lungs and lung-draining mediastinal lymph nodes where priming takes place before entering the CNS (Odoardi et al, 2012). For MSC it was demonstrated that MSC applied intravenously become trapped in the lungs (Gao et al, 2001).…”

How stem cells speak with host immune cells in inflammatory brain diseases

“…Data in Table 1 are in part summarized in (Chamberlain et al, 2008;Hall et al, 2006;Martino and Pluchino 2006;Pluchino et al, 2009b;Rojewski et al, 2008;Uccelli et al, 2008;Yuan et al, 2011). (Cusimano et al, 2012;Jaderstad et al, 2010) aracrine IDO-kynurenine MSCs (h) T cells, DCs T cell apoptosis, inhibition of antigen presentation (Lanz et al, 2010;Matysiak et al, 2008Matysiak et al, , 2011Meisel et al, 2004;Plumas et al, 2005 Bonnamain et al, 2012;Chabannes et al, 2007;Moll et al, 2011) Paracrine VEGF NPCs Microglia/macrophages Inhibition of microglial activation, proliferation and phagocytosis (Horie et al, 2011;Kim et al, 2009a;Mosher et al, 2012) Paracrine LIF NPCs Th17 cells Inhibition of Th17 cell differentiation (Cao et al, 2011;Horie et al, 2011;Kim et al, 2009a;Mosher et al, 2012) Paracrine Galectins MSCs/NPCs T cells Inhibition of T cell proliferation (Gieseke et al, 2010;Sioud 2011;Yamane et al, 2010Yamane et al, , 2011 Endocrine/Paracrine TSG-6 MSCs Macrophages Inhibition of macrophage activation, proliferation and phagocytosis (Fisher-Shoval et al, 2012;Lee et al, 2009;Roddy et al, 2011) EVs miR transfer MSCs/NPCs Multiple Post-transcriptional regulation (Bruno et al, 2009;Chen et al, 2010;…”

Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Immunology and Therapeutic Benefits

“…Consistent with in vitro studies, murine allogeneic MSCs are effective cellular therapy models in the treatment of murine models of human disease (52,(100)(101)(102). Several studies have documented the substantial clinical improvements observed in animal models, when MSC were systemically introduced as a therapy in mouse models of multiple sclerosis (102,103), inflammatory bowel disease (104)(105)(106), infarct, stroke, and other neurologic diseases (107,108), as well as diabetes (109).…”