Mouse Models of Bone Healing: Fracture, Marrow Ablation, and Distraction Osteogenesis

Lybrand, Kyle; Bragdon, Beth; Gerstenfeld, Louis C.

doi:10.1002/9780470942390.mo140161

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The open osteotomy first created a transverse femoral fracture of the femur in the middle, which was then fixed with Kirschner wire [ 121 ]. The midshaft femoral closed fracture was closed with a stent after animals received retrograde Kirschner wire fixation in the closed fracture model group [ 122 , 123 ]. The open osteotomy model has a smooth osteotomy surface, and controllable fracture angle and position, but many factors of this model affect fracture healing, such as the combination with soft tissue, periosteum, and even cortical bone damage, as well as certain blood loss and destruction of blood supply at fracture site, resulting in delayed fracture healing [ 124 ].…”

Section: Biological Properties Of Hydrogel For Medical Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogel as a Biomaterial for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review

et al. 2020

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Severe bone damage from diseases, including extensive trauma, fractures, and bone tumors, cannot self-heal, while traditional surgical treatment may bring side effects such as infection, inflammation, and pain. As a new biomaterial with controllable mechanical properties and biocompatibility, hydrogel is widely used in bone tissue engineering (BTE) as a scaffold for growth factor transport and cell adhesion. In order to make hydrogel more suitable for the local treatment of bone diseases, hydrogel preparation methods should be combined with synthetic materials with excellent properties and advanced technologies in different fields to better control drug release in time and orientation. It is necessary to establish a complete method to evaluate the hydrogel’s properties and biocompatibility with the human body. Moreover, establishment of standard animal models of bone defects helps in studying the therapeutic effect of hydrogels on bone repair, as well as to evaluate the safety and suitability of hydrogels. Thus, this review aims to systematically summarize current studies of hydrogels in BTE, including the mechanisms for promoting bone synthesis, design, and preparation; characterization and evaluation methods; as well as to explore future applications of hydrogels in BTE.

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Section: Biological Properties Of Hydrogel For Medical Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogel as a Biomaterial for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review

et al. 2020

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“…Animal models such as critical size defect, distraction osteogenesis, bone marrow ablation, and stress fracture healing have been widely used to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of intramembranous bone regeneration. [35][36][37][38][39] In defect models, calvaria or long bones are exposed to create holes or defects at varying sizes. 40 These defects then become wholly or partially occupied by intramembranous bone.…”

Section: Similarity Between Intramembranous Ossification and Postnamentioning

confidence: 99%

How faithfully does intramembranous bone regeneration recapitulate embryonic skeletal development?

Sumner

2020

Developmental Dynamics

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Postnatal intramembranous bone regeneration plays an important role during a wide variety of musculoskeletal regeneration processes such as fracture healing, joint replacement and dental implant surgery, distraction osteogenesis, stress fracture healing, and repair of skeletal defects caused by trauma or resection of tumors. The molecular basis of intramembranous bone regeneration has been interrogated using rodent models of most of these conditions. These studies reveal that signaling pathways such as Wnt, TGFβ/BMP, FGF, VEGF, and Notch are invoked, reminiscent of embryonic development of membranous bone. Discoveries of several skeletal stem cell/progenitor populations using mouse genetic models also reveal the potential sources of postnatal intramembranous bone regeneration. The purpose of this review is to compare the underlying molecular signals and progenitor cells that characterize embryonic development of membranous bone and postnatal intramembranous bone regeneration.

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“…Most of today's knowledge on bone regeneration comes from studies on fracture healing, mainly in small rodents. [ 44 ] The femur is usually the preferred site, as it is larger than the tibia and is covered by thick muscles that help stabilization. [ 45 ] Closed fractures (e.g., closed mid‐shaft femoral fracture) can be achieved with the insertion of an intramedullary pin and subsequent fracturing of the bone by means of a blunt guillotine driven by a dropped weigh.…”

Section: Omics Approaches To Characterize the Bone Regeneration Process In Health And Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic and Transcriptomic Approaches for Studying Bone Regeneration in Health and Systemically Compromised Conditions

Calciolari

Donos

2020

Proteomics Clinical Apps

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Bone regeneration is a complex biological process, where the molecular mechanisms are only partially understood. In an ageing population, where the prevalence of chronic diseases with an impact on bone metabolism is increasing, it becomes crucial to identify new strategies that would improve regenerative outcomes also in medically compromised patients. In this context, omics are demonstrating a great potential, as they offer new insights on the molecular mechanisms regulating physiologic/pathologic bone healing and, at the same time, allow the identification of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. This review provides an overview on the current evidence on the use of transcriptomic and proteomic approaches in bone regeneration research, particularly in relation to type 1 diabetes and osteoporosis, and discusses future scenarios and potential benefits and limitations on the integration of multi-omics. It is suggested that future research will leverage the synergy of omics with statistical modeling and bioinformatics to prompt the understanding of the biology underpinning bone formation in health and medically compromised conditions. With an eye toward personalized medicine, new strategies combining the mining of large datasets and bioinformatic data with a detailed characterization of relevant phenotypes will need to be pursued to further the understanding of disease mechanisms.

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Mouse Models of Bone Healing: Fracture, Marrow Ablation, and Distraction Osteogenesis

Cited by 20 publications

References 35 publications

Hydrogel as a Biomaterial for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review

Hydrogel as a Biomaterial for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review

How faithfully does intramembranous bone regeneration recapitulate embryonic skeletal development?

Proteomic and Transcriptomic Approaches for Studying Bone Regeneration in Health and Systemically Compromised Conditions

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