Mouse models of spinal cord injury and stem cell transplantation

Deep, Aman; Adeeb, Nimer; Hose, Nicole; Rezaei, M.; Fard, Salman Abbasi; Tubbs, R. Shane; Yashar, Parham; Liker, Mark A.; Kateb, Babak; Mortazavi, Martin M.

doi:10.1016/j.tria.2015.10.001

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Thereafter, efforts were made to create more precise controllable models that led to the creation of some complex and expensive devices (Deep et al, 2015). Here, we designed and introduced a simple instrument that can be made without any complexity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the most commonly used models is the weight-drop technique established by Allen in 1911 ( Allen, 1911 ). After that, efforts were made to create more precise, controllable models that led to the creation of some complex and expensive devices ( Deep et al, 2015 ). Here, we designed and introduced a simple instrument that can be made easily.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After activation of the secondary mechanisms and elimination of the damaged tissue, a cavity is formed during the early weeks following SCI. Thus, the formation of a cavity is one of the necessities in properly establishing animal models of SCI ( Deep et al, 2015 ; Sroga, Jones, Kigerl, McGaughy, & Popovich, 2003 ; Surey, Berry, Logan, Bicknell, & Ahmed, 2014 ). In this study, we observed cavity formation in all three groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New and Simple Method for Spinal Cord Injury Induction in Mice

Zeraatpisheh

Mirzaei

Nami

et al. 2022

BCN

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Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease with poor clinical outcomes. Animal models provide great opportunities to expand our horizons in identifying SCI pathophysiological mechanisms and subsequently introducing effective treatment strategies. The present study precisely introduces a new murine contusion model. Methods: A simple, economical and reproducible novel instrument was designed which consists of various sections, including a body part, an immobilization piece and a bar-shaped weight. The injury was inflicted to the spinal cord using an eight-gram weight for 5, 10 or 15 minutes after laminectomy at the T9 level in male C57BL/6 mice. Motor function, cavity formation, cell injury and macrophage infiltration were evaluated 28 days' post injury. Results: The newly designed instrument minimized adverse spinal movement during injury induction. Moreover, no additional devices, such as a stereotaxic apparatus, was required to stabilize the animals during surgical procedure. Locomotor activity was deteriorated after injury. Furthermore, tissue damage and cell injury were exacerbated by increasing the duration of weight exertion. In addition, macrophage infiltration around the injured tissue was observed 28 days’ post injury. Conclusion: This novel apparatus could induce a controllable SCI with a clear cavity formation in mice. No accessory elements are needed, besides the main equipment, and it can be used in future SCI studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New and Simple Method for Spinal Cord Injury Induction in Mice

Zeraatpisheh

Mirzaei

Nami

et al. 2022

BCN

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A Reproducible Spinal Cord Crush Injury in the Regeneration-Permissive Axolotl

Walker

Santos-Ferreira

Echeverri

2023

Methods in Molecular Biology

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Medical Devices Biological Safety Assessment: Towards Animal-free Testing

Sachot¹,

Vitale

2019

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Animals have been used since a very long time as experimental subjects to support scientific progress and medical advances. Currently, various testing procedures implying animals are still being conducted within a broad range of scientific fields and applications, as for example the assessment of medical devices safety. The aim of this assessment is to investigate whether a medical device is safe for human use or poses a risk for patients' health. Animal testing for that purpose is especially encouraged by regulatory requirements, which prerequisite however that the use of such testing is deemed necessary and justified in the context of a risk management process. Thus, animal models are no longer systematically used as in the past, but they remain a cornerstone within the delicate decision-making process related to the marketing of medical devices. Though, animal testing has some critical limitations, such as ethical concerns and relevance of animal data, which challenge its further use to that objective. A particular attention is therefore currently given to the development of animal-free alternatives to better support the application of the 3Rs Principle (replacement, reduction, refining) within this field. Unfortunately, the highlyadvanced methods and technologies being developed face barriers (e.g. validation and standardization) which hinder and slow down their implementation as regulatory-accepted alternatives. To overcome these difficulties, the process of regulatory acceptance of these alternatives may be optimized. This may be achieved for example by improving the cooperation, coordination and communication between the different stakeholders, i.e. researchers, regulatory approval bodies and industries. Mostly, a special focus may be set on commitment and shared effort to enhance the efficiency of that process and to establish a regulatory testing framework that no longer relies on animal models.

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Mouse models of spinal cord injury and stem cell transplantation

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

A New and Simple Method for Spinal Cord Injury Induction in Mice

A New and Simple Method for Spinal Cord Injury Induction in Mice

A Reproducible Spinal Cord Crush Injury in the Regeneration-Permissive Axolotl

Medical Devices Biological Safety Assessment: Towards Animal-free Testing

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