Mouse Primordial Germ Cells

Mikedis, Maria M.; Downs, Karen M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800255-1.00001-6

Cited by 23 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 160 publications

(251 reference statements)

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“…We suggested that the presence of axial information within the allantois might be required to correctly position the umbilical vasculature with respect to that of the yolk sac and fetus (Downs, 2009). In that way, from the perspective of human health and disease, an organizational role of the primitive streak at the fetal-placental interface might explain and unify the etiology of a large number of birth defects that involve the umbilical vasculature and body axis in mouse models (Inman and Downs, 2007; Mikedis and Downs, 2014). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brachyury drives formation of a distinct vascular branchpoint critical for fetal-placental arterial union in the mouse gastrula

Rodriguez

Jin

Wolfe

et al. 2017

Developmental Biology

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How the fetal-placental arterial connection is made and positioned relative to the embryonic body axis, thereby ensuring efficient and directed blood flow to and from the mother during gestation, is not known. Here we use a combination of genetics, timed pharmacological inhibition in living mouse embryos, and three-dimensional modeling to link two novel architectural features that, at present, have no status in embryological atlases. The allantoic core domain (ACD) is the extraembryonic extension of the primitive streak into the allantois, or preumbilical tissue; the vessel of confluence (VOC), situated adjacent to the ACD, is an extraembryonic vessel that marks the site of fetal-placental arterial union. We show that genesis of the fetal-placental connection involves the ACD and VOC in a series of steps, each one dependent upon the last. In the first, Brachyury (T) ensures adequate extension of the primitive streak into the allantois, which in turn designates the allantoic-yolk sac junction. Next, the streak-derived ACD organizes allantoic angioblasts to the axial junction; upon signaling from Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1 (FGFR1), these endothelialize and branch, forming a sprouting VOC that unites the umbilical and omphalomesenteric arteries with the fetal dorsal aortae. Arterial union is followed by the appearance of the medial umbilical roots within the VOC, which in turn designate the correct axial placement of the lateral umbilical roots/common iliac arteries. In addition, we show that the ACD and VOC are conserved across Placentalia, including humans, underscoring their fundamental importance in mammalian biology. We conclude that T is required for correct axial positioning of the VOC via the primitive streak/ACD, while FGFR1, through its role in endothelialization and branching, further patterns it. Together, these genetic, molecular and structural elements safeguard the fetus against adverse outcomes that can result from vascular mispatterning of the fetal-placental arterial connection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brachyury drives formation of a distinct vascular branchpoint critical for fetal-placental arterial union in the mouse gastrula

Rodriguez

Jin

Wolfe

et al. 2017

Developmental Biology

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“…Nevertheless, no definitive proof demonstrating the continuity of those early-specified PGC and germ cells in gonads has so far been provided, as reviewed by Mikedis and Downs 14 . These authors propose an alternative model in which the alleged PGCs in the base of the allantois are instead a pool of pluripotent progenitor cells in the posterior end of the primitive streak that builds the fetal-placental interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pluripotent cell pool condenses into the allantoic core domain (ACD), which extends the body axis posteriorly through the allantoic midline 15 . ACD pluripotent cells express all PGC markers and contribute to both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues 14 . From this pluripotent population, it is suggested that PGC could be segregated later, once evolutionarily conserved genes of germline development, such as VASA , Dazl and Nanos , begin to be expressed 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early embryonic development and spatiotemporal localization of mammalian primordial germ cell-associated proteins in the basal rodent Lagostomus maximus

Leopardo

Vitullo

2017

Sci Rep

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The gene network controlling primordial germ cell (PGC) specification in eutherian mammals has been exhaustively investigated in mice. The egg-cylinder morphology of the mouse embryo is the key event enabling inductive signals from the extra-embryonic ectoderm (ExE) to specify epiblast cells as PGCs early on. We investigated the embryonic development and the spatiotemporal localization of PGC-associated proteins in the basal Hystricognathi rodent Lagostomus maximus. L. maximus develops through a flat-disc epiblast far apart from the ExE. In the primitive streak stage, OCT4-positive cells are detected in the posterior pole of the embryo disc in the mesoderm of the proximal epiblast. In the neural plate stage, a reduced 8 to 12 OCT4-positive cell population transiently expresses FRAGILIS, STELLA and SOX17 in the posterior streak. Soon after translocation to the hindgut, pluripotent OCT4 cells start expressing VASA, and then, STELLA and FRAGILIS are turned on during migration toward the genital ridge. L. maximus shows a spatiotemporal pattern of PGC-associated markers divergent from the early PGC restriction model seen in mice. This pattern conforms to alternative models that are based on a pluripotent population in the embryonic axis, where PGCs are specified later during development.

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“…In the past 25 years, the knowledge of timing, position and, to a certain extent, the molecular machinery involved in PGC specification and further development has been refined 34, 35, 36.…”

Section: Pgc Specification In Mouse: the Paradigm For Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germline development in amniotes: A paradigm shift in primordial germ cell specification

Bertocchini

Lopes

2016

BioEssays

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In the field of germline development in amniote vertebrates, primordial germ cell (PGC) specification in birds and reptiles remains controversial. Avians are believed to adopt a predetermination or maternal specification mode of PGC formation, contrary to an inductive mode employed by mammals and, supposedly, reptiles. Here, we revisit and review some key aspects of PGC development that channelled the current subdivision, and challenge the position of birds and reptiles as well as the ‘binary’ evolutionary model of PGC development in vertebrates. We propose an alternative view on PGC specification where germ plasm plays a role in laying the foundation for the formation of PGC precursors (pPGC), but not necessarily of PGCs. Moreover, inductive mechanisms may be necessary for the transition from pPGCs to PGCs. Within this framework, the implementation of data from birds and reptiles could provide new insights on the evolution of PGC specification in amniotes.

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Mouse Primordial Germ Cells

Cited by 23 publications

References 160 publications

Brachyury drives formation of a distinct vascular branchpoint critical for fetal-placental arterial union in the mouse gastrula

Brachyury drives formation of a distinct vascular branchpoint critical for fetal-placental arterial union in the mouse gastrula

Early embryonic development and spatiotemporal localization of mammalian primordial germ cell-associated proteins in the basal rodent Lagostomus maximus

Germline development in amniotes: A paradigm shift in primordial germ cell specification

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