Moving from Ecological Conservation to Restoration: An Example from Central Taiwan, Asia

Lo, Yueh-Hsin; Lin, Yiching; Blanco, Juan A.; Yu, Chih‐Wei; Guan, Biing T.

doi:10.5772/38911

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.06.044 degradation in soil fertility occur in coniferous plantations over several rotations (see Bi et al, 2007 , and references therein). Transformation of conifer monocultures into mixed conifer-broadleav ed or broadleaved plantations has been considered as an efficient strategy to sustain forest productivi ty and restore degraded forests (Lo et al, 2012 ). In southern China, evergreen broadleaved forests are the main native ecosystem type in the region, with a potential capacity for carbon sequestration .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the effects of forest management strategies on carbon sequestration in evergreen broad-leaved (Phoebe bournei) plantation forests using FORECAST ecosystem model

Wang¹,

Wei²,

Liao³

et al. 2013

Forest Ecology and Management

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a b s t r a c tIn the context of global climate change, it is critical to study how different forest management practices affect forest carbon sequestration. This is especially important for forest managers and policy makers who will have to design and implement appropriate mitigation and adaptation strategies. Previous research has focused on coniferous plantations with rare examination of plantations of evergreen broadleaved species. Phoebe bournei (Hemsley) Yang, as one of the represe ntative species of subtropical evergreen broadleaf forests in Asia, has a unique potential to increase forest carbon sink. In this study, field data were combined wit h the forest ecosystem management model FORECAST to estimate the impacts of different forest management strategies (combinations of planting densities from 1000 to 4000 trees ha À1 , rotation lengths from 20 to 80 years, and different harvesting intensities: stem-only, whole-tree and complete-tree) on carbon sequestration of P. bournei plantations in south-eastern China. Field and previously published data were used to calibrate the model for stand biomass pools accumulation, stand density and mortalit y, light response curves, photosynthetic efficiency, and data on soil nutrient pools, for three different site conditions. The results showed that the most suitable planting density to maximize carbon sequestrat ion in P. bournei plantations is 2000-3000 trees ha À1. Longer rotations (e.g., 80 years) are better than shorter rotations (20 or 30 years) for the long-term maintenance of site productivity, though the recommended rotation length for maximizing carbon sequestration and maintaining forest productivity is 40-60 years. As for har vesting intensity, stem-only harvest ing is the most suitable strategy to manage for carbon sequestration when maintaining long-term site produc tivity, with whole-tree and complete-tree harvesting constituting less optimal options. Our modeling exercise indicates that P. bournei plantations have great potential for carbon sequestrat ion if they are managed under sustainable and ecologically-based strategies. Given that forests are important in the global carbon cycle, it is recommended that afforestation efforts in relevant subtropical regions use appropriate broad-leaved species that can help resolve ecologica l and socio-economic challenges.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the effects of forest management strategies on carbon sequestration in evergreen broad-leaved (Phoebe bournei) plantation forests using FORECAST ecosystem model

Wang¹,

Wei²,

Liao³

et al. 2013

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…This issue, added to the long time needed to see the ecological effects of several consecutive rotations of intensive management, makes the assessment of long-term ecological sustainability of forest management especially difficult (Kimmins et al, 2010). This situation becomes more critical with the increasing interest world-wide in using short-rotation forestry to mitigate climate change, and to restore altered forest landscapes to more natural states (Lo et al, 2012). Timber or fibre products are seen as an option for sequestering atmospheric carbon, whereas energy from biomass could help to reduce the use of fossil fuels (Nichols et al, 2009;Stupak et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forests may need centuries to recover their original productivity after continuous intensive management: An example from Douglas-fir stands

Blanco

2012

Science of The Total Environment

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How long would it take for forests to recover their original productivity following continuous intensive management if they are left untouched? This issue was explored using the model FORECAST, calibrated and validated for coastal Douglas-fir stands on Vancouver Island (western Canada). Three types of forest management (production of timber, pulp, and biomass) were simulated, being different in utilization level and rotation length (stem-only and 75-year rotation for timber production, whole-tree and 30-year rotation for pulp/fiber, and whole-tree and 15-year rotations for biomass production). Management was simulated for 150 years, followed by several cycles of natural growth without management ending with a stand-replacing windstorm with a return time of 200 years. Productivity-related ecological variables in previously managed stands were compared to natural forests. Stands developed after management for timber would quickly reach values similar to non-managed forests for tree and understory total biomass, stored carbon, available nitrogen and soil organic matter (SOM). However, intensive management regimes designed for fiber and biomass production would cause a decrease in SOM and nutrient availability, increasing understory biomass. As a consequence, stands recovering from intensive management would need at least two stand-replacing events (400 years) to reach a productivity status similar to non-managed stands. Stands developed after management for biomass would take much longer, up to 600 or 800 years to recover similar values of SOM and understory biomass, respectively. Current fertilization prescriptions will likely be not enough to stop a quick drop in forest productivity associated with intensive management. Intensifying forest management to achieve short-term objectives could produce a reduction of stand productivity that would influence tree growth for very long time (up to several centuries), if such management is continuously implemented at the same stand. Some of these effects could be reduced if one rotation of intensive management (for pulp or bioenergy) is followed by a rotation of management for timber, or by leaving the forest without management for an equivalent time.

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“…Acorns were checked and the number of remaining seeds was recorded every two days. About a month later, none of the seeds were left [20].…”

Section: Direct Seeding Of Fresh and Germinated Seedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bringing the Natives Back: Identifying and Alleviating Establishment Limitations of Native Hardwood Species in a Conifer Plantation

Lin

et al. 2018

Forests

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Abstract:To facilitate the reintroduction of five native late-successional Taiwanese Fagaceae species into Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica (D.) Don) plantations, we experimented with methods to alleviate their establishment limitations. We tested different combinations of tree species, seedling development stages, and site preparation techniques. First, we directly sowed both fresh and germinated acorns under both closed and opened (thinned) canopies. Both fresh and germinated acorns survived only six months at most. Wildlife consumption was the most critical factor hindering their survival. We subsequently experimented with different methods for increasing establishment rates, such as thinning in combination with understory control, applying chemical animal repellents to seeds, using physical barriers against seed predators, and using seedlings of different ages. Among the methods experimented, none was effective. The effects of silvicultural treatments to deter seed consumption lasted only the first few weeks after sowing, whereas the effects of physical barriers were inconsistent. We also tested planting 3-month and 1-year-old seedlings. Seedling survival after 9 months was about 20% on average for 3-month-old seedlings but reached 80% for 1-year-old seedlings. Our results suggest that planting seedlings older than six months or establishing physical obstacles to prevent seed predation will be the most effective strategies to reintroduce late-successional hardwood Fagaceae species into Japanese cedar plantations.

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Moving from Ecological Conservation to Restoration: An Example from Central Taiwan, Asia

Cited by 6 publications

References 53 publications

Evaluation of the effects of forest management strategies on carbon sequestration in evergreen broad-leaved (Phoebe bournei) plantation forests using FORECAST ecosystem model

Evaluation of the effects of forest management strategies on carbon sequestration in evergreen broad-leaved (Phoebe bournei) plantation forests using FORECAST ecosystem model

Forests may need centuries to recover their original productivity after continuous intensive management: An example from Douglas-fir stands

Bringing the Natives Back: Identifying and Alleviating Establishment Limitations of Native Hardwood Species in a Conifer Plantation

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