“…A bottom-up synthetic approach can offer multiple novel design-by-choice schemes to facilitate the compact assembly of multifunctional components on a substrate. Complex components can be constructed with desired properties, including electronic, photonic, biological, energetic, piezoelectric, and magnetic properties, with novel functionalities such as quantum confinement effects and high surface-to-volume ratios 1 2 3 . Recently, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires have been widely studied because of their superior electrical, mechanical, and optical properties 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 .…”