MPEG and DA-AD Resilient DCT-Based Video Watermarking Using Adaptive Frame Selection

Abstract

We present a robust video watermarking scheme and report the detailed robustness of the video watermarking assessed based on standard criteria obtained from Information Hiding and its Criteria (IHC) Committee. Using discrete cosine transform domain spread-spectrum watermarking, our system achieves robustness under various non-hostile video processing techniques, including MPEG compression and digital/analog–analog/digital (DA-AD) conversion. The proposed system ensures that a 16-bit embedded sequence can be extracted through adaptive frame selection in any 15-s interval, even with a long video clip. To evaluate the performance of the proposed watermarking scheme, we conducted robustness tests under a DA-AD conversion environment, based on the MPEG-4 part 10 (H.264) codec. The experiment results obtained indicate that, in addition to being robust against non-hostile video processes, the proposed method achieves invisibility. The assessment of the developed watermarking scheme also satisfies the third edition of the IHC video watermarking evaluation criteria.

Deep Learning-Based Watermarking Techniques Challenges: A Review of Current and Future Trends

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Blind video watermarking scheme for medical video authentication

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A Robust Video Watermarking Algorithm Based on Two-Dimensional Discrete Fourier Transform

“…The popularity and development of digital video technology brings convenience but also causes a series of problems, such as copyright infringement and fake information. Video data hiding, including video stenography [1,2] and video watermarking [3,4] has received extensive usage and continuous study. Here, we focus on video watermarking algorithms, which can hide copyright information in videos without being perceived and are more suitable for copyright protection.…”