mRNA and miRNA Expression Analysis Reveal the Regulation for Flower Spot Patterning in Phalaenopsis ‘Panda’

Zhao, Anjin; Cui, Zheng; Li, Tingge; Pei, Hui-Qin; Sheng, Yuhui; Li, Xueqing; Zhao, Ying; Zhou, Yang; Huang, Wenjun; Song, Xiqiang; Peng, Ting; Wang, Jian

doi:10.3390/ijms20174250

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…5). As studies have shown the positive correlation of anthocyanin accumulation with CHI [11,72], the downregulation of CHI encoding gene in colored petals could be due to the feedback regulation [30]. Similarly, we observed strong downregulation of two F3H(CYP75B1) encoding genes in the albino labellum and petals (Fig.…”

Section: Critical Pathways Involved In Regulation Of Flower Color Variationsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…5). Studies have shown that differential expression of genes encoding these key enzymes (CHS, CHI, F3H, FLS and DFR) play critical role in anthocyanin accumulation and affect the flower color phenotype [13,21,27,72]. Importantly, we observed strong downregulation of CHS encoding gene in albino labellum.…”

Section: Critical Pathways Involved In Regulation Of Flower Color Variationmentioning

confidence: 51%

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Comparative transcriptome analysis identified important genes and regulatory pathways for flower color variation in Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum

Fan

Luo

et al. 2021

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum is a member of Orchidaceae family that is famous for its ornamental value around the globe, it is vulnerable due to over-exploitation and was listed in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, which prevents its trade across borders. Variation in flower color that gives rise to different flower patterns is a major trait contributing to its high ornamental value. However, the molecular mechanism underlying color formation in P. hirsutissimum still remains unexplored. In the present study, we exploited natural variation in petal and labellum color of Paphiopedilum plants and used comparative transcriptome analysis as well as pigment measurements to explore the important genes, metabolites and regulatory pathways linked to flower color variation in P. hirsutissimum. Result We observed that reduced anthocyanin and flavonoid contents along with slightly higher carotenoids are responsible for albino flower phenotype. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified 3287 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among normal and albino labellum, and 3634 DEGs between normal and albino petals. Two genes encoding for flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) and one gene encoding for chalcone synthase (CHS) were strongly downregulated in albino labellum and petals compared to normal flowers. As both F3H and CHS catalyze essentially important steps in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, downregulation of these genes is probably leading to albino flower phenotype via down-accumulation of anthocyanins. However, we observed the downregulation of major carotenoid biosynthesis genes including VDE, NCED and ABA2 which was inconsistent with the increased carotenoid accumulation in albino flowers, suggesting that carotenoid accumulation was probably controlled at post-transcriptional or translational level. In addition, we identified several key transcription factors (MYB73, MYB61, bHLH14, bHLH106, MADS-SOC1, AP2/ERF1, ERF26 and ERF87) that may regulate structural genes involved in flower color formation in P. hirsutissimum. Importantly, over-expression of some of these candidate TFs increased anthocyanin accumulation in tobacco leaves which provided important evidence for the role of these TFs in flower color formation probably via regulating key structural genes of the anthocyanin pathway. Conclusion The genes identified here could be potential targets for breeding P. hirsutissimum with different flower color patterns by manipulating the anthocyanin and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways.

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Section: Critical Pathways Involved In Regulation Of Flower Color Variationsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Critical Pathways Involved In Regulation Of Flower Color Variationmentioning

confidence: 51%

Comparative transcriptome analysis identified important genes and regulatory pathways for flower color variation in Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum

Fan

Luo

et al. 2021

BMC Plant Biol

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“…This result revealed that OAGL6-2 formed an L′ complex with OAP3-1 in the lateral sepals; in turn, this complex controls the activation of PeMYB11 (Fig. 2j), which has been thought to be associated with red spot formation 22,27 . Silencing OAGL6-2 caused a severe reduction in L ′ complex function, subsequently downregulating PeMYB11 expression ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Multifunctional evolution of B and AGL6 MADS box genes in orchids

et al. 2021

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We previously found that B and AGL6 proteins form L (OAP3-2/OAGL6-2/OPI) and SP (OAP3-1/OAGL6-1/OPI) complexes to determine lip/sepal/petal identities in orchids. Here, we show that the functional L’ (OAP3-1/OAGL6-2/OPI) and SP’ (OAP3-2/OAGL6-1/OPI) complexes likely exist and AP3/PI/AGL6 genes have acquired additional functions during evolution. We demonstrate that the presumed L’ complex changes the structure of the lower lateral sepals and helps the lips fit properly in the center of the flower. In addition, we find that OAP3-1/OAGL6-1/OPI in SP along with presumed SP’ complexes regulate anthocyanin accumulation and pigmentation, whereas presumed L’ along with OAP3-2/OAGL6-2/OPI in L complexes promotes red spot formation in the perianth. Furthermore, the B functional proteins OAP3-1/OPI and OAGL6-1 in the SP complex could function separately to suppress sepal/petal senescence and promote pedicel abscission, respectively. These findings expand the current knowledge behind the multifunctional evolution of the B and AGL6 genes in plants.

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“…Flower spot patterning could affect the ornamental value of some orchids and may play a significant role in the interaction with pollinators. Zhao et al used a transcriptome analysis in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways of Phalaenopsis "Panda" to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) [2]. They further confirmed that some candidate structure genes among the DEGs expressed in significantly higher levels in spot tissues using qPCR analysis.…”

Section: Pigment Formationmentioning

confidence: 95%