MSAP analysis reveals diverse epigenetic statuses in opium poppy varieties with different benzyisoquinoline alkaloid content

Abstract

DNA methylation is one of the major epigenetic modifications influencing the regulation of gene expression. The opium poppy is an important medicinal plant. Its latex contains opium, which is a rich source of pharmaceutical benzyisoquinoline alkaloids (BIA). Here, the methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) profiling technique using 21 MSAP molecular markers was applied in order to compare levels of DNA methylation between 6 opium poppy varieties. MSAP profiling reflected the different methylation statuses among opium poppy varieties having divergent BIA content. Moreover, different organ-specific epigenetic profiles were observed between the samples. Differential epigenetic profiles of capsules and shoots from the leaves pointed to the impact of methylation on BIA biosynthesis. The data implied that the different DNA methylation status may have important biological significance, in the case of alkaloid content in opium poppy in particular.

Divergent Proteomic Profiles of Opium Poppy Cultivars

“…Opium poppy produces many important BIAs, such as morphine, codeine, which exhibit narcotic analgesic effects; thebaine, which is used as a pain reliever; sanguinarine, which has antimicrobial properties; and noscapine, which has anticancer and antiviral properties ( Singh et al, 2019 ). For these reasons, opium poppy is accepted as one of the most important natural product sources in the pharmaceutical industry ( Bulut et al, 2020 ). To date, about 2500 metabolites belonging to the BIA group have been identified, and more than 80 alkaloids have been isolated from the opium poppy plant, most of which are intermediates in the complex multibranched BIA pathway ( Zulak et al, 2007 ).…”

“…( http://www.tmo.gov.tr/Upload/Document/Hashasileilgiligenelbilgiler.pdf ). However, only a few molecular studies have been conducted on these varieties ( Gurkok et al, 2015 ; Bulut et al, 2020 ). The study is also unique in its contribution to the evaluation and development of Turkish poppy cultivars.…”

Developmental Methylome of the Medicinal Plant Catharanthus roseus Unravels the Tissue-Specific Control of the Monoterpene Indole Alkaloid Pathway by DNA Methylation

“…In addition, inhibitors of DNA methylation are able to increase phenolic product biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza (Bunge) hairy root cultures [ 35 ]. Finally, a correlation was made between methylation state and Benzoisoquinoline Indole Alkaloids in different organs and cultivars of opium poppy [ 36 ]. However, an integrative analysis with multi-omics data is still lacking to establish and precise the role of DNA methylation in the regulation of specialized pathways in medicinal plants.…”

As contribuições da metilação diferencial no DNA para os processos sexoespecífico e mudanças de ambientes hospedeiros em Drosophila gouveai (cluster Drosophila buzzatii)

“…Recentemente, estudos têm investigado a presença de 5mC no DNA genômico, em D. Dentre os diversos métodos, a abordagem com enzimas de restrição tem sido amplamente usada nas análises de metilação em genoma de eucariotos, como a técnica Methylation-Sensitive Amplified Polymorphism (MSAP), desenvolvida com uma adaptação de Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) (Yaish et al 2013;Bulut et al 2020). Essa metodologia emprega um conjunto de enzimas de restrição endonucleases (RE), reconhecidas como MspI e HpaII, que fazem a varredura por todo o genoma, em regiões com diferenças no estado metilação no DNA (Yaish et al 2013).…”

“…Um desafio intrigante é investigar mudanças epigenéticas, metilação de DNA, que podem contribuir para a regulação de genótipo, vias moleculares, que resultam em múltiplos fenótipos em D. gouveai quando os organismos usam diferentes espécies de cactos hospedeiros, como P. machrisis e C. hildmaniannus. Evidências sugerem que os compostos de alcaloides podem influenciar no padrão de metilação do DNA (Bulut et al 2020). É importante ressaltar que, ainda, não há dados sobre variações de loci metilados no DNA genômico em pupas e moscas adultas, em que ocorre o processo de diferenciação de tecidos, e efeito de origem parental que podem contribuir para a transmissão de informações epigenéticas para a prole quando ocorre a mudança de ambientes ecológicos, em Drosophila.…”