Mucormycosis – An opportunistic infection in the aged immunocompromised individual: A reason for concern in COVID-19

Chavda, Vivek P.; Apostolopoulos, Vasso

doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.07.009

Cited by 41 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…14 Other than environmental factors, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, inappropriate steroid therapy, increased iron accumulation, and the damage caused by the COVID-19 virus may responsible for the MC. 4,11,15 In our study we reported MC in N=5 participants who were long stayed in hospital on oxygen support. All the MC positive participants belong to >60 years age and all had a weakened immune system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Despite this, emerging complications associated with COVID-19 are being reported with the fungal infection mucormycosis becoming a serious issue in India due to its unprecedent surge and high morbidity. 4,10,11 The term MC collectively known "black mold" or "black fungus" in India is a fungal infection caused by the order of mucorales. Order: Mucorales is the group of the filamentous fungus, comprises about 20 pathogenic species which are further divided into 12 genera.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emerging cases of mucormycosis in post Covid-19 disease patients

Ahirwar¹

2021

IJMR

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Mucormycosis (MC) is a serious threat in this covid-19 pandemic situation; cases of MC continue to increases as post covid-19 disease affliction in India. It is a life-threatening disease that happens due to black mold. Mucormycosis is described as a potentially lethal infection amongst immune-compromised (IC) hosts, particularly in those with diabetes, leukemia, and lymphoma. Mortality rate of MC just doubles in IC host, delayed diagnosis increase the rate of mortality. Mucormycosis is difficult to diagnose which affects outcomes and results in a poor prognosis. The main objective of the study was to detect MC in the clinical species received during or post covid-19 treatment in our laboratory.Basic microbiological methods such as gram stain and KOH smear were used for the detection of MC in the received clinical specimen and morphology was seen in the microscope. The is a cross-sectional observational study conducted in our microbiology laboratory for one month periods during May 15, 2021 to June 15, 2021 in a tertiary care hospital of central India. During study period our microbiology lab received n=35 suspected clinical specimens from N= 27 post covid-19 patients for MC diagnosis over one month period. Out of n=35 specimens, n=8 specimens (obtained from N=5 patients) were positive for MC by gram and KOH smear method and we saw filamentous fungi by conventional microscopic method. The present study concluded that the cases of life threatening MC increase day by day in central India as post complication of covid-19 disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging cases of mucormycosis in post Covid-19 disease patients

Ahirwar¹

2021

IJMR

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“…As the virus is foreign to the host, antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells, macrophages) present viral proteins to CD4 + T-helper (Th) cells via the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 1, resulting in the secretion of interleukin-(IL)-12 and interferon-γ to further trigger Th1 and natural killer cells [ 11 , 12 ]. In addition there is activation of the NF-kB signaling pathway resulting in pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-8) [ 13 , 14 ] which aid to attract neutrophils and monocytes which stimulate other pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) [ 15 , 16 ]. Concurrently, IgM antibodies are generated lasting up to 12 weeks followed by IgG antibodies providing long lasting protection as a result of viral invasion [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introduction – Background Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: toward third-generation vaccination era

Chavda

Pandya

Apostolopoulos

2021

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Introduction: Coronavirus outbreak 2019 (COVID-19) has affected all the corners of the globe and created chaos to human life. In order to put some control on the pandemic, vaccines are urgently required that are safe, cost effective, easy to produce, and most importantly induce appropriate immune responses and protection against viral infection. DNA vaccines possess all these features and are promising candidates for providing protection against SARS-CoV-2. Area covered: Current understanding and advances in DNA vaccines toward COVID-19, especially those under various stages of clinical trials. Expert opinion: Through DNA vaccines, host cells are momentarily transformed into factories that produce proteins of the SARS-CoV-2. The host immune system detects these proteins to develop antibodies that neutralize and prevent the infection. This vaccine platform has additional benefits compared to traditional vaccination strategies like strong cellular immune response, higher safety margin, a simple production process as per cGMP norms, lack of any infectious agent, and a robust platform for large-scale production.

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“…The novel coronavirus strain, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged from Wuhan, China, in late December 2019 [7,8]. Rapidly, it spread around the globe and was declared a pandemic soon after [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleic Acid Vaccines for COVID-19: A Paradigm Shift in the Vaccine Development Arena

et al. 2021

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Coronavirus disease, COVID-19, has touched every country globally except five countries (North Korea, Turkmenistan, Tonga, Tuvalu and Nauru). Vaccination is the most effective method to protect against infectious diseases. The objective is to ensure that everyone has access to a COVID-19 vaccine. The conventional vaccine development platforms are complex and time-consuming to obtain desired approved vaccine candidates through rigorous regulatory pathways. These safeguards guarantee that the optimized vaccine product is safe and efficacious for various demographic populations prior to it being approved for general use. Nucleic acid vaccines employ genetic material from a pathogen, such as a virus or bacteria, to induce an immune response against it. Based on the vaccination, the genetic material might be DNA or RNA; as such, it offers instructions for producing a specific pathogen protein that the immune system will perceive as foreign and mount an immune response. Nucleic acid vaccines for multiple antigens might be made in the same facility, lowering costs even more. Most traditional vaccine regimens do not allow for this. Herein, we demonstrate the recent understanding and advances in nucleic acid vaccines (DNA and mRNA based) against COVID-19, specifically those in human clinical trials.

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Mucormycosis – An opportunistic infection in the aged immunocompromised individual: A reason for concern in COVID-19

Cited by 41 publications

References 29 publications

Emerging cases of mucormycosis in post Covid-19 disease patients

Emerging cases of mucormycosis in post Covid-19 disease patients

DNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: toward third-generation vaccination era

Nucleic Acid Vaccines for COVID-19: A Paradigm Shift in the Vaccine Development Arena

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