Mudança e colapso no Litoral Fluminense: os sambaquieiros e o s outros no Complexo Lagunar de Saquarema, RJ

Abstract

A pesquisa teve por objetivo compreender os grupos sambaquieiros que ocuparam o Complexo Lagunar de Saquarema entre 6.600-1.500 anos cal AP. Foi construído um modelo onde dois fatores, mudança ambiental e contato intersocietal, influenciaram o processo de transformação sociocultural verificado entre os grupos sambaquieiros. Paralelo às mudanças dos recursos e na prática de edificação dos mounds, observou-se mudança na tecnologia da indústria lítica. Associada a esta mudança tecnológica, novas práticas funerárias também foram introduzidas como a cremação e a manipulação de ossos humanos. Assim, por volta de 2.000 anos cal AP, esse contato, somado a um processo que já vinha se desenvolvendo no interior do sistema, marcou o início do colapso da sociedade sambaquiana no Complexo Lagunar de Saquarema.

The bone degenerative processes in senile fishes from Holocene Brazilian shell mounds

“…Fish skeletal remains came from shell mounds, which were located in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil (Figure ). The shell mounds include Manitiba (3,655–3,922 cal a BP), Beirada (3,211–4,632 cal a BP), Ponte do Girau (3,442–4,102 cal a BP) and Usiminas (2,470–3,390 cal a BP; see Guimarães, ; Kneip, ; Tenório et al., ). Hyperostotic bones were identified macroscopically in the zooarchaeological collections of the National Museum at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (MN‐UFRJ).…”

Oral Health of Sambaqui Groups in Saquarema, Brazil

“…and Lucina pectinate being dominant. A shift occurred in layer I, in which Anomalocardia brasiliana became the dominant species (Barbosa-Guimarães 2011; Kneip et al 1991). According to Scheel-Ybert (2000), plant vestiges were found in all layers of this site, mostly in the form of carbonized fruits and charcoal.…”

“…Pottery fragments associated with a ceramist group known as the Una tradition were found in layer I. However, the presence of these fragments does not indicate contact between this sambaqui and an inland ceramist group because they are from a period more recent than the burials when the sambaqui people were no longer occupying this site (Barbosa-Guimarães 2011; Kneip et al 1994).…”

“…societies, the arrival of ceramist groups from the interior of the country, and environmental changes along the coast occurring between 2000 and 1000 years BP (Angulo et al 2006;Barbosa-Guimarães 2011;DeBlasis et al 2021;Gaspar et al 2008;Toso et al 2021).…”

“…After about 2000 years BP, the number of new sambaquis declined until they totally disappeared by 1000 years BP (Gaspar et al 2008). The processes leading to their disappearance are not yet fully understood, but evidence indicates that a myriad of factors are involved, including major sociocultural changes in sambaqui societies, the arrival of ceramist groups from the interior of the country, and environmental changes along the coast occurring between 2000 and 1000 years BP (Angulo et al 2006; Barbosa-Guimarães 2011; DeBlasis et al 2021; Gaspar et al 2008; Toso et al 2021).…”