Mulberry leaf extract improves non-specific immunity and antioxidant capacity of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed a high-starch diet

Tingsen, Jing; Luo, Hui; Junwa, Huang; Li, Zhe; Liu, Yu; Honghao, Jin; Xinxi, Zou; Zhenlin, Ke; Sun, Weidong; Mengdan, Hou; Yang, Hui‐Jun; Hua, Ye

doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.1029360

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The results of this experiment showed that ELM can increase the CAT activity, GSH content, and T-AOC in the liver, and reduce the MDA content in the liver. The results of this experiment are consistent with previous findings that ELM increased CAT activity and T-AOC in liver tissue of largemouth bass and decreased MDA content in liver [ 20 ]. The above results indicated that ELM can remove reactive oxygen species in the liver by increasing CAT activity and GSH content in the liver of spotted sea bass, thereby increasing the antioxidant capacity of the liver.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…And 2–8 g/kg ELM can improve the muscle quality of African catfish and increase the antioxidant capacity of feed [ 19 ]. Some studies have also found that adding 1–10 g/kg ELM to high-carbohydrate feed can improve the antioxidant capacity, immunity, and glycolipid metabolism of largemouth bass [ 20 ]. However, the effect of ELM on the liver of sea bass has not yet been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Mulberry Leaf Extract on the Liver Function of Juvenile Spotted Sea Bass (Lateolabrax maculatus)

Zhou,

Lin,

Kong

et al. 2023

Aquaculture Nutrition

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In order to explore the effect of mulberry leaf extract (ELM) on the liver function of spotted sea bass, 360 fish with healthy constitution (average body weight 9.00 ± 0.02 g) were selected and randomly divided into six groups with three repetitions, and six groups of fish were randomly placed into 18 test tanks (200 L) with 20 fish per tank for the 52-day feeding test. Every day, the fish were fed the experimental feed with different concentrations (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 g/kg) to the level of apparent satiation, with a crude protein content of 48.0% and a crude fat content of 8.6%. And the water temperature was maintained at 25–28°C with a salinity of 0.5%–1‰. After feeding, five fish were randomly selected to collect their livers and serum for detection of indicators. The results showed that, compared with the control group, ELM significantly increased the activities of lipase (LPS) and trypsin (TRS) in the liver, and reached the highest level when the amount of ELM added was 6 g/kg P < 0.05 . ELM significantly increased the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) involved in the metabolic process in liver tissue, and GOT activity reached the highest when ELM was added at 9 g/kg, and LDH activity reached the highest when ELM was added at 15 g/kg P < 0.05 . ELM had no significant effect on liver antioxidant enzymes P > 0.05 , but the content of malondialdehyde was significantly reduced P < 0.05 . Compared with the control group, ELM significantly increased the activities of AKP and ACP in the liver, and the AKP activity reached the highest when the ELM addition amount was 3 g/kg, and the ACP activity reached the highest when the ELM addition amount was 9 g/kg P < 0.05 . Through comparative transcriptomic analysis, it was indicated that ELM enhanced the hepatic lipids and carbohydrates metabolism ability, as manifested in the upregulation of expression of phosphatidate phosphatase, glucuronosyltransferase, inositol oxygenase, carbonic anhydrase, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2. ELM can also increase the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, ATP-dependent RNA helicase and C-X-C motif chemokine 9 involved in the immune process. The above results show that the ELM can enhance the digestion, metabolism, and immunity of the liver by increasing the activity of digestive enzymes, metabolic enzymes, and the expression of metabolism and immune regulation genes. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of ELM in the cultivation of spotted sea bass by exploring the effect of ELM on the liver function of spotted sea bass.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Mulberry Leaf Extract on the Liver Function of Juvenile Spotted Sea Bass (Lateolabrax maculatus)

Zhou,

Lin,

Kong

et al. 2023

Aquaculture Nutrition

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“…The ELM increased the SOD activity and GSH level in the intestinal of the spotted sea bass, and decreased the content of MDA in the intestinal tract of the spotted sea bass, but not significantly. And studies have shown that ELM can increase the activity of CAT and reduce the content of MDA in largemouth bass (Tingsen et al, 2022). Adding mulberry leaf powder to the feed can increase the GSH content of tilapia (Miao et al, 2020).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mulberry leaf extract on the intestinal health of spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus)

et al. 2023

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Mulberry leaf extract (ELM) has the functions of promoting growth, antioxidant, improving intestinal microbial composition, thus providing a potential solution the occurrence of fish intestinal diseases. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to explore the effects of ELM on intestinal health of spotted sea bass Lateolabrax maculatus. A total of 360 spotted sea bass (9.00 ± 0.02 g) were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups. Fish in each group were given feed with varying ELM concentration (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 g/kg) for 52 days, respectively. Results show, dietary intake of 9 g/kg ELM increased the weight gain, specific growth ratio and feed intake of the spotted sea bass (P<0.05). Meanwhile, dietary intake of 9 g/kg ELM increased the activity of enteric trypsin, amylase and lipase (P<0.05). The enteric catalase activity was improved in fish fed with 3 g/kg ELM (P<0.05), while a limited effect of ELM on the activity of enteric superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and content of malonaldehyde was observed (P>0.05). ELM improved the morphology of fish intestine, as manifested in significant improvement in the length of intestinal villi, thereby increasing the surface area of the intestinal tract (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, dietary intake of ELM significantly increased the intestinal microbial ACE, Chao1, and Shannon indexes of fish (P<0.05), indicated that the intestinal microbial composition and the abundance of the dominant flora of fish were improved. The above results suggested that the dietary supplementation of about 9 g/kg ELM can improve the growth performance, enteric antioxidant capacity, and intestinal morphology and microbial composition, therefore improving the intestinal health of spotted sea bass. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the application of ELM in improving the enteric health of spotted sea bass, and providing a potential solution the occurrence of fish intestinal diseases.

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“…In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the research of the immunomodulatory effects of herbal extract on M. salmoides. It has been discovered that lots of herbal products such as sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua) extract [8], hardy rubber tree (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) extract [9], mulberry leaf (Morus alba) extract [10] and Yinchenhao (Artemisiae Scopariae) decoction [11] positively regulated liver antioxidant capacities and mitigated impairments of immunity in M. salmoides, displaying the potential of herbal products as dietary immunopotentiators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Supplementation of Astragalus membranaceus Extract Affects Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Response, and Energy Metabolism of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

He,

Chen,

Liao

et al. 2024

Aquaculture Nutrition

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The present study investigated the effects of Astragalus membranaceus extract (AME) on growth performance, immune response, and energy metabolism of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Seven diets containing 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, and 0.6% AME (Con, AME0.1, AME0.2, AME0.3, AME0.4, AME0.5, and AME0.6 groups) were formulated and fed to M. salmoides for 8 weeks. Final body weight (FBW), feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) were all significantly higher in AME0.4 group than in Con group (P<0.05). Feed conversion rate (FCR) was significantly improved in AME0.5 group compared with Con group (P<0.05). Whole-body crude protein contents were significantly increased in AME0.2 group (P<0.05). Whole-body crude lipid contents were significantly lower in AME0.2 and AME0.3 groups, while muscle lipid was upregulated by dietary AME (P<0.05). Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were significantly lowered in AME0.3 and AME0.4 groups, and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly increased in AME0.1 and AME0.2 groups (P<0.05). Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level was significantly lowered in AME0.5, and AME0.6 groups, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was lowered in AME0.5 groups (P<0.05). Plasma triglyceride was declined in AME0.6 group, and glucose was decreased by 0.3%−0.5% AME (P<0.05). Significantly higher hepatocyte diameter, lamina propria width, and submucosal layer thickness were recorded in AME0.6 groups, while the longest villi height was obtained in AME0.2 and AME0.3 groups (P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf1) revealed the growth-promoting effect of AME. The anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects of AME were demonstrated by transcription levels of interleukin 8 (il-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-a), caspase, B-cell lymphoma-xl (Bcl-xl), bcl-2 associated x (Bax), and bcl-2-associated death protein (Bad). The transcription levels of lipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis related genes, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (acc1), fatty acid synthase (fasn), fatty acid binding protein 1 (fabp1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (pepck2), and glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1a (g6pc), were reduced by AME treatment, while the levels of glycolysis-related genes, including glucokinase (gck) and pyruvate kinase (pk), were the highest in AME0.2 and AME0.3 groups (P<0.05). According to polynomial regression analysis of SGR, WG, FCR, whole-body crude lipid, MDA, and ALT, the optimal AME supplementation level was estimated to be 0.320%−0.429% of the diet. These results provided insights into the roles of AME in regulating immunity and metabolism, which highly indicated its potential as immunostimulants and metabolic regulators in diverse aquatic animals.

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Mulberry leaf extract improves non-specific immunity and antioxidant capacity of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed a high-starch diet

Cited by 5 publications

References 58 publications

Effects of Mulberry Leaf Extract on the Liver Function of Juvenile Spotted Sea Bass (Lateolabrax maculatus)

Effects of Mulberry Leaf Extract on the Liver Function of Juvenile Spotted Sea Bass (Lateolabrax maculatus)

Effects of mulberry leaf extract on the intestinal health of spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus)

Dietary Supplementation of Astragalus membranaceus Extract Affects Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Response, and Energy Metabolism of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

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