Multi-Core Optical Fibers: Theory, Applications and Opportunities

Macho, Andrés; Llorente, Roberto

doi:10.5772/intechopen.72458

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…(4) that is realized in a tapered fiber [5]] could attain this goal as well. Both approaches could be realized in either PCF or standard multicore fiber platforms, in particular, composed of different materials [4,21,51,52].…”

Section: Spatiotemporal Multimode Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Kerr-lens mode locking based on spatiotemporal dissipative solitons in multimode fiber lasers

Калашников

Wabnitz

2020

Phys. Rev. A

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We introduce a mechanism of stable spatiotemporal soliton formation in a multimode fiber laser. This is based on spatially graded dissipation, leading to distributed Kerr-lens mode locking. Our analysis involves solutions of a generalized dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii equation. This equation has a broad range of applications in nonlinear physics, including nonlinear optics, spatiotemporal pattern formation, plasma dynamics, and Bose-Einstein condensates. We demonstrate that the careful control of dissipative and nondissipative physical mechanisms results in the self-emergence of stable (2+1)-dimensional dissipative solitons. Achieving such a regime does not require the presence of any additional dissipative nonlinearities, such as a mode locker in a laser, or inelastic scattering in a Bose-Einstein condensate. Our method allows for stable energy (or "mass") harvesting by coherent localized structures, such as ultrashort laser pulses or Bose-Einstein condensates.

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Section: Spatiotemporal Multimode Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Kerr-lens mode locking based on spatiotemporal dissipative solitons in multimode fiber lasers

Калашников

Wabnitz

2020

Phys. Rev. A

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“…Microstructuring can also be used to obtain multicore fibers, which is an emerging technology in fiber photonics. There exist structures formed by several regularly distributed cores with characteristic diameters of a few microns, in which the modes of individual cores overlap [37,38]. In this case, from the solution of the Helmholtz equation, it is possible to find modes of the entire structure, which are called supermodes [38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For multicore fibers with cores arranged in a ring, the amplitude distribution for the inphase supermode is the same in each core due to symmetry. As a rule, in the study of multicore fibers, primary attention is paid to the in-phase supermode [37,39,40]. However, in the recent analytical, numerical, and experimental works, it has been shown that an out-of-phase supermode (in which the phases of the fields in neighboring cores differ by π) can also be of great interest due to its stability in different nonlinear regimes [41][42][43][44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the fabrication of microstructured multicore fibers operating in the near-IR range (as well as for the fabrication of any other types of near-IR fibers), silica glasses are the most popular due to the existing advanced technologies [37]. The study of multicore fibers in the mid-IR is practically in its infancy, one of the reasons being the impossibility of using silica glasses due to high losses at wavelengths >2.3 µm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Dispersion Control of Microstructured Multicore Tellurite Glass Fibers with In-Phase and Out-of-Phase Supermodes

Anashkina

Andrianov

2021

Photonics

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High nonlinearity and transparency in the 1–5 μm spectral range make tellurite glass fibers highly interesting for the development of nonlinear optical devices. For nonlinear optical fibers, group velocity dispersion that can be controlled by microstructuring is also of great importance. In this work, we present a comprehensive numerical analysis of dispersion and nonlinear properties of microstructured two-, four-, six-, and eight-core tellurite glass fibers for in-phase and out-of-phase supermodes and compare them with the results for one-core fibers in the near- and mid-infrared ranges. Out-of-phase supermodes in tellurite multicore fibers are studied for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The dispersion curves for in-phase and out-of-phase supermodes are shifted from the dispersion curve for one-core fiber in opposite directions; the effect is stronger for large coupling between the fields in individual cores. The zero dispersion wavelengths of in-phase and out-of-phase supermodes shift to opposite sides with respect to the zero-dispersion wavelength of a one-core fiber. For out-of-phase supermodes, the dispersion can be anomalous even at 1.55 μm, corresponding to the operating wavelength of Er-doped fiber lasers.

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“…In MCF-enabled networks, the coupling between cores, i.e., ICXT originating by the continuity of the electromagnetic field in adjacent dielectric regions [14], is an important aspect to deal with. To overcome its negative effects, several strategies focused on ICXT management [6], [8], [15] and suppression by using Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) equalization [16], [17] have been proposed in the literature.…”

Section: Introduction and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Route, Modulation Format, MIMO, and Spectrum Assignment in Flex-Grid/MCF Transparent Optical Core Networks

Rumipamba-Zambrano

Perelló

Spadaro

2018

J. Lightwave Technol.

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In this paper, we target an optimal Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Digital Signal Processing (MIMO-DSP) assignment to super-channels affected by inter-core crosstalk (ICXT) in Multi-Core Fiber (MCF)-enabled transparent optical core networks. MIMO-DSP undoes ICXT effects, but can be costly with high core density MCFs. Hence, its implementation in the network must be carefully decided. We address our objective as a joint Route, Modulation format, MIMO and Spectrum Assignment (RMMSA) problem, for which Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulations are provided to optimally solve it in small network scenarios. Moreover, several heuristic approaches are also proposed to solve large-scale problem instances with good accuracy. Their goal is to minimize both network spectral requirements and the amount of MIMO equalized super-channels, taking a crosstalk-free Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) solution as a reference, for example, based on parallel single mode fibers (i.e., a Multi-Fiber -MF-scenario). For our evaluation, we consider several state-of-the-art MCF prototypes and different network topologies. The obtained results, with the considered MCFs, disclose that in national backbone networks, the desirable percentage of super-channels with MIMO equalization to match the performance of an equivalent crosstalk-free SDM solution ranges from 0-36%, while in continental-wide networks this range raises up to 0-56%. In addition, in the case of a non-ideal MIMO (with a 3 dB/km of crosstalk compensation), such percentages range from 0-28% and 0-45% in national and continental-wide backbone networks, respectively, experimenting a performance gap up to 12% with respect to the MF reference scenario.

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Multi-Core Optical Fibers: Theory, Applications and Opportunities

Cited by 21 publications

References 128 publications

Distributed Kerr-lens mode locking based on spatiotemporal dissipative solitons in multimode fiber lasers

Distributed Kerr-lens mode locking based on spatiotemporal dissipative solitons in multimode fiber lasers

Design and Dispersion Control of Microstructured Multicore Tellurite Glass Fibers with In-Phase and Out-of-Phase Supermodes

Route, Modulation Format, MIMO, and Spectrum Assignment in Flex-Grid/MCF Transparent Optical Core Networks

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