“…Planar monopole antennas mounted perpendicularly to the system ground plane of a wireless handheld device have been demonstrated [1,2]. In order to achieve good impedance matching for frequencies across the desired operating bands, for example, the global system for mobile communication (GSM, 890 -960 MHz), digital communication system (DCS, 1710 -1880 MHz), and personal communication system (PCS, 1850(PCS, -1990 MHz) bands, this kind of planar monopole antenna needs to be mounted with a certain distance (about 5-10 mm) to the system ground plane, which greatly increases the antenna height from the system ground plane.…”