Multi-functional approach in the design of smart surfaces to mitigate bacterial infections: a review

Abstract

Advancements in biomedical devices are ingenious and indispensable in health care to save millions of lives. However, microbial contamination paves the way for biofilm colonisation on medical devices leading to device-associated infections with high morbidity and mortality. The biofilms elude antibiotics facilitating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the persistence of infections. This review explores nature-inspired concepts and multi-functional approaches for tuning in next-generation devices with antibacterial surfaces to mitigate resistant bacterial infections. Direct implementation of natural inspirations, like nanostructures on insect wings, shark skin, and lotus leaves, has proved promising in developing antibacterial, antiadhesive, and self-cleaning surfaces, including impressive SLIPS with broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. Effective antimicrobial touch surfaces, photocatalytic coatings on medical devices, and conventional self-polishing coatings are also reviewed to develop multi-functional antibacterial surfaces to mitigate healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).

Exploring nanocomposites for controlling infectious microorganisms: charting the path forward in antimicrobial strategies

“…Derivatives of graphene found in nanocomposites include graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) ( Díez-Pascual and Luceño-Sánchez, 2021 ) ( Table 2 ). Apparently, graphene oxide in nano size has sharp edges and appears like nanosheets, which can penetrate and tear the cell wall causing cytoplasmic leakage ( Rajaramon et al, 2023a ) ( Figure 3 ). The processes through which Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are physically damaged by GO differ fundamentally.…”

Effect of palladium(II) complexes on NorA efflux pump inhibition and resensitization of fluoroquinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: in vitro and in silico approach

“…The World Health Organization (WHO) projects that antibiotic-resistant bacteria’s swift evolution and dissemination will precipitate a global medical crisis. Furthermore, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports an annual occurrence of approximately 2.8 million infections and 35,900 fatalities attributed to antibiotic resistance ( Rajaramon et al., 2023 ).…”