Multi-functional STF-based yarn for human protection and wearable systems

Zhang, Junshuo; Wang, Yu; Zhou, Jianyu; Wu, Jianpeng; Liu, Shuai; Sang, Min; Liu, Bing; Pan, Yucheng; Gong, Xinglong

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.139869

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This difference may be due to the absence of protection from the outermost UHMWPE layer on the exit side of the (u)PE( 8)-(u)KF(9) sample. In summary, for both PE(9)-KF (8) and PE(8)-KF(9) samples, the same failure modes of PPTA fibers were identified, i.e., shear cutting failure on the entrance side, and tensile failure on the exit side. However, some differences in detailed morphology were observed.…”

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confidence: 76%

“…With the rapid development in modern technology, soft body armors are expected to have advanced functions in addition to resisting bullets, such as response to various mechanical stimuli, monitoring health condition, and service reliability in harsh environments [ 8 , 9 ]. Shear-thickening gels (STGs) have gained extensive attention as a new kind of intelligent material for improving the anti-impact performance of soft body armor, thanks to their unique impact-buffering capacity and low modulus [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although many fibers were intertwined together at the exit side, complete fiber break age was rarely seen, which could be due to the protection of the outermost UHMWP layer at the rear face (Figure S2). Figure 6 shows the morphology of PPTA fibers in another tested laminate sample (u)PE( 9)-( 5)KF (8). The damaged PPTA fibers on the entrance side (Figure 6a) exhibit kinks (Figure 6b) possibly due to pinching by neighboring fibers or buckling induced by compressive stress resulting from the stretch-and-release of raptured fiber (Figure 6c).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Failure of UHMWPE film Figure 8 shows SEM images taken around a punched UHMWPE film of a fully penetrated laminate at the entrance side (Figure 8a,b), cross-section (Figure 8c,d), and the exit side (Figure 8e,f) of the sample (u)PE( 9)-( 5)KF (8). The diameter of the penetration hole can be measured in Figure 8a, which is around 4 mm and much smaller than the diameter of the projectile (5.7 mm), indicating severe friction between the projectile and the sample [23].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, as observed in our previous work [42], plasma treatment used in this approach enhanced the adhesion between UHMWPE and PPTA layers, which may also contribute to the formation of shea plugging. Indeed, the sample showed shear plugging behavior (sample (u)PE( 9)-( 5)KF (8) in Figure 3d) and exhibited the strongest interlayer adhesion between PPTA and UHMWPE among all samples, with an average peeling force of 30.58 N (Figure 3d). The rounded fractured edges of the UHMWPE film (Figure 8c) indicate thermal damage, which was also observed in broken UHMWPE fibers [52].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Anti-Ballistic Performance of PPTA/UHMWPE Laminates

et al. 2023

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Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) are high-performance polymer materials largely used for body armor applications. Although composite structures from a combination of PPTA and UHMWPE have been created and described in the literature, the manufacture of layered composites from PPTA fabrics and UHMWPE films with UHMWPE film as an adhesive layer has not been reported. Such a new design can provide the obvious advantage of simple manufacturing technology. In this study, for the first time, we prepared PPTA fabrics/UHMWPE films laminate panels using plasma treatment and hot-pressing and examined their ballistic performance. Ballistic testing results indicated that samples with moderate interlayer adhesion between PPTA and UHMWPE layers exhibited enhanced performance. A further increase in interlayer adhesion showed a reverse effect. This finding implies that optimization of interface adhesion is essential to achieve maximum impact energy absorption through the delamination process. In addition, it was found that the stacking sequence of the PPTA and UHMWPE layers affected ballistic performance. Samples with PPTA as the outermost layer performed better than those with UHMWPE as the outermost layer. Furthermore, microscopy of the tested laminate samples showed that PPTA fibers exhibited shear cutting failure on the entrance side and tensile failure on the exit side of the panel. UHMWPE films exhibited brittle failure and thermal damage at high compression strain rate on the entrance side and tensile fracture on the exit side. For the first time, findings from this study reported in-field bullet testing results of PPTA/UHMWPE composite panels, which can provide important insights for designing, fabricating, and failure analysis of such composite structures for body armors.

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confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Anti-Ballistic Performance of PPTA/UHMWPE Laminates

et al. 2023

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Improving the anti‐impact performance of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene fabric intercalated with carbon nanotubes and shear thickening fluid

Lu,

Ji,

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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Ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is commonly used with many layers to realize protection and this can greatly benefit from advancements in fabric mechanical properties. This research introduces an innovative approach to crafting a composite felt, leveraging UHMWPE fabric, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), shear thickening fluid (STF), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binder through a spray technique. The method results in a fabric with exceptional tensile strength and anti‐impact characteristics. Observations during the fabrication process reveal profound surface morphology alterations, showcasing an intricate layering of PVA binder, CNTs, and STF that seamlessly encapsulates each component of the STF/CNTs/UHMWPE system. The tensile strength and anti‐impact properties including punch residual velocity and energy absorbed are 564.0 ± 12.4 MPa, 1.537 ± 0.032 m/s and 22.952 ± 1.158 J in 12 ms, increased by 143.3%, 24.3% and 193.3%, respectively, compared to neat UHMWPE. This substantial performance uplift is attributed to multiple factors: the reinforcing friction between fibers/yarns fostered by the PVA binder and the full or partial embedding of CNTs, the additional reinforcing strength imparted by the CNTs matrix, and the dynamic viscosity enhancement of STF under impact forces.Highlights Anti‐impact felt was prepared by spraying PVA, CNTs, and STF onto UHMWPE. The tensile strength of anti‐impact felt was improved by 143.3%. The energy absorbed and impact depth was raised by 193.3%. The enhanced friction between fibers is caused by PVA and CNTs. The strength of CNTs and increased viscosity of STF under impact are notable.

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