“…48 Two shake-up satellite peaks at 861.9 and 879.9 eV are ascribed to Ni 2p 3/2 and Ni 2p 1/2 signals, respectively. 49 In the process of photoionization, if the ions are in the excited state, the photoelectron kinetic energy emitted will decrease, so shake-up satellite peaks will appear. 50 The Cu 2p spectrum displays peaks at 932.6 and 952.5 eV, and 934.8 and 954.8 eV which are assigned to Cu + and Cu 2+ , 51 respectively, demonstrating that Cu + exists in Cu 2+ .…”