Multi-junction VCSEL arrays with high performance and reliability for mobile and automotive 3D sensing applications

Zhao, Guowei; Yang, Jun; Hegblom, E.R.; Barve, Ajit V.; Kesler, Benjamin; Tashima, M. M.; Bian, Zhixi; Xie, Suning; Robit, Abhinav; Peters, M.G.; Skidmore, J.A.

doi:10.1117/12.2577338

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The potential to surpass 100% in differential quantum efficiency and significantly enhance the slope efficiency of VCSELs was identified more than 20 years ago [ 9 ], and recent optimizations have reported an impressive slope efficiency >6 W/A. [ 10 ]. Such increase of slope efficiency can be directly used in short pulse applications like e.g.…”

Section: Advanced Vcsel Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel high-power laser modules for drying applications based on VCSEL arrays

Koerner,

Apetz,

Conrads

et al. 2024

High-Power Diode Laser Technology XXII

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We developed a new generation of high-power laser modules for laser drying in battery electrode fabrication. Low power densities and homogeneous heating with full system efficiencies > 50% is within the record system efficiencies offered today. Moreover, simple scalability of the illumination profile and highly standardized fabrication techniques are the game changer benefits from using VCSELs as light source.

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Section: Advanced Vcsel Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel high-power laser modules for drying applications based on VCSEL arrays

Koerner,

Apetz,

Conrads

et al. 2024

High-Power Diode Laser Technology XXII

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“…In 2021, Lumentum presented a 905 nm VCSEL array that achieved 6.1 W A −1 and a peak optical power over 140 W at 25 • C when driven with an 8 ns pulse at a 0.05% duty cycle [99]. Then they reported a record-setting 5-J VCSEL array in which a peak power of 800 W was reached at a peak current of 200 A [100]. Later, they reported a 5-J VCSEL array for automotive LiDAR applications with output peak power up to 400 W, using an 8 ns pulse and a duty cycle ranging from 0.05% to 0.1% [103].…”

Section: Array Configurations and Architecturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in high-power vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Liu,

Zhao,

Tang

et al. 2024

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) have emerged as a highly promising light source with extensive applications in various fields, including consumer electronics, optical communication, metrology, sensing and ranging. Their low-cost, high conversion efficiency, and compact footprint make them particularly attractive for widespread adoption. While considerable success has been made in enhancing the performance and speed of VCSELs for optical communications, achieving high-power VCSELs with properties such as high output power, single transverse mode operation, and temperature stability for remote sensing applications remains a challenging endeavor. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the development of high-power VCSELs. By examining the advancements in active materials, device designs, array configurations, this review seeks to shed light on the current state-of-the-art and potential avenues for further improvement in high-power VCSEL technology.

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“…Although to date, most research on multi-junction VCSELs still focuses on their high differential quantum efficiency and high output power characteristics, but compared to edge-emitting semiconductor lasers, the most significant potential advantage of multi-junction VCSELs should be their remarkable efficiency improvement. Existing multijunction VCSEL studies have focused on highlighting the advantages of high slope efficiency, achieving higher power [34][35][36][37] . However, reports on systematically studying the efficiency of multi-junction VCSELs by combining theoretical simulations with experiments are still relatively scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-junction cascaded vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with a high power conversion efficiency of 74%

Xiao,

Wang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Light Sci Appl

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High electro-optical conversion efficiency is one of the most distinctive features of semiconductor lasers as compared to other types of lasers. Its further increase remains a significant objective. Further enhancing the efficiency of edge-emitting lasers (EEL), which represent the highest efficiency among semiconductor lasers at present, is challenging. The efficiency of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) has always been relatively low compared to EEL. This paper, combining modeling with experiments, demonstrates the potential of multi-junction cascaded VCSELs to achieve high efficiency beyond that of EELs, our simulations show, that a 20-junction VCSEL can achieve an efficiency of more than 88% at room temperature. We fabricated VCSEL devices with different numbers of junctions and compared their energy efficiency. 15-junction VCSELs achieved a maximum efficiency of 74% at room temperature under nanosecond driving current, the corresponding differential quantum efficiency exceeds 1100%, being the largest electro-optical conversion efficiency and differential quantum efficiency reported until now for VCSELs.

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Multi-junction VCSEL arrays with high performance and reliability for mobile and automotive 3D sensing applications

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Novel high-power laser modules for drying applications based on VCSEL arrays

Novel high-power laser modules for drying applications based on VCSEL arrays

Advances in high-power vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Multi-junction cascaded vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with a high power conversion efficiency of 74%

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