Multi-Mode VCSEL Chip with High-Indium-Density InGaAs/AlGaAs Quantum-Well Pairs for QAM-OFDM in Multi-Mode Fiber

Tsai, C.S.; Peng, Chun‐Yen; Wu, Chun-Yen; Leong, Shan-Fong; Kao, Hsuan-Yun; Wang, Huai‐Yung; Chen, You‐Wei; Weng, Zu-Kai; Chi, Yu‐Chieh; Kuo, Hao‐Chung; Huang, Jian; Lee, Tai-Cheng; Shih, Tien‐Tsorng; Jou, Jau-Ji; Cheng, Wood-Hi; Wu, Chao-Hsin; Lin, Gong‐Ru

doi:10.1109/jqe.2017.2703645

Cited by 29 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…8(b). The 7.5-µm-aperture VCSEL delivered QAM-OFDM data provides an average SNR of 15.8 dB with corresponding EVM of 16.1% and BER of 2.1 × 10 −3 below the FEC criterion (17.3% for the EVM and 3.8 × 10 −3 for the BER) [31]. In contrast with the 7.5-µm-aperture VCSEL, the 5.5-µm-aperture VCSEL carried QAM-OFDM data can provide more concentrated constellation plot with the lower EVM of 15.4%, the higher SNR of 16.2 dB, and the smaller BER of 1.4 × 10 −3 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimode VCSEL Enables 42-GBaud PAM-4 and 35-GBaud 16-QAM OFDM for 100-m OM5 MMF Data Link

et al. 2020

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By enhancing the differential gain and reducing the capacitance of the 850-nm multi-mode vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) with an analog bandwidth beyond 25 GHz via the use of InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells and multiple oxide confinement layers, the transmission of directly encoded 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) data at 42 GBaud and 16-quadrature amplitude modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (16-QAM OFDM) data at 35 GBaud are demonstrated. After passing through 100-m OM5 multimode fiber (MMF), the detailed comparison between the VCSELs designed with different aperture sizes of 5.5/7.5 µm is performed. The 7.5-µm-aperture VCSEL provides the higher power with larger quantum efficiency but exhibits the narrower 3-dB bandwidth and higher noise level than those of the 5.5-µm-aperture VCSEL. Shrinking the oxide-confined aperture to 5.5 µm assists the VCSEL to expand its 3-dB bandwidth to 25.2 GHz and suppresses its relative intensity noise to-135 dBc/Hz, which contributes to support the highest data rate up to 84 and 140 Gbit/s, respectively, for PAM-4 and 16-QAM OFDM data under forward error correction criterion at optical back-to-back condition. Even after transmitting through 100-m-long OM5-MMF, the allowable data transmission rate still remains at 80 Gbit/s for PAM-4 and 120 Gbit/s for 16-QAM OFDM with their receiving power penalty of 3.24 and 3.1 dB, respectively, when the data is carried by the 5.5-µm-aperture VCSEL. Such a newly designed VCSEL structure promotes its allowable bandwidth to manifest the feasibility toward 50-GBaud per channel capacity for future data center applications. INDEX TERMS Data center, vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL), 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4), M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (M-ary QAM-OFDM).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimode VCSEL Enables 42-GBaud PAM-4 and 35-GBaud 16-QAM OFDM for 100-m OM5 MMF Data Link

et al. 2020

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“…More interesting works on the high-speed VCSEL-based optical links with the versatile QAM-OFDM data format have successively emerged after 2017. For example, Tsai et al directly modulated the 850-nm MM VCSEL with a modulation bandwidth of 14 GHz by using the QAM-OFDM data format to effectively improve the whole data rate [59]. They utilized the pre-leveling process to compensate the response throughput of the MM VCSEL in the high-frequency region for improving the data rate of the MM VCSEL-based optical link to 52 Gbit/s [59].…”

Section: Encoding the Vcsel With The Qam-ofdm Data Format For Wireless And Mobile Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Tsai et al directly modulated the 850-nm MM VCSEL with a modulation bandwidth of 14 GHz by using the QAM-OFDM data format to effectively improve the whole data rate [59]. They utilized the pre-leveling process to compensate the response throughput of the MM VCSEL in the high-frequency region for improving the data rate of the MM VCSEL-based optical link to 52 Gbit/s [59]. Moreover, Kao and co-workers also observed the different-mode VCSELs to perform the 16 QAM-OFDM transmissions over 100-m OM4 MMF [60].…”

Section: Encoding the Vcsel With The Qam-ofdm Data Format For Wireless And Mobile Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of VCSELs for Complex Data-Format Transmission Beyond 100-Gbit/s

Cheng

Su³

et al. 2021

IEEE Photonics J.

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The developing progress on the structural design and data algorithms to enable the vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for transmitting multiple complex data formats beyond 100-Gbit/s has been reviewed in this paper. Up to now, academic and industrial institutions still keep their research pace on studying how to improve the allowable data rate of various data formats carried by the VCSEL device. Persistent efforts are endeavored not only to achieve the IEEE802.3 standards for data center applications but also to initiate the new era of wired and wireless network coverage. To date, the highest allowable data rates of the single-VCSEL-based optical link for transmitting the NRZ-OOK format at 80 Gbit/s in the BtB case, the PAM-4 format at 168 Gbit/s over 150-m OM5 MMF, and the QAM-OFDM format at 224 Gbit/s in the BtB case have been achieved in 2021. For the high-level complex data-format transmission with rigorous demand of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), this work demonstrates the most up-to-date 32-ray quadrature amplitude modulation generalized frequency division multiplexing (32-QAM GFDM) data algorithm with optimized amplitude and K value for encoding the multimode (MM) VCSEL. To achieve the higher spectral-usage efficiency based on the SNR spectrum for maximal transmission data rate, the bit-loading discrete multi-tone (DMT) technique is implemented by rearranging each subcarrier to the appropriate QAM levels. By utilizing 32-QAM GFDM and bit-loading DMT, the maximal data rate in the back-to-back case could respectively achieve 119.5 Gbit/s and 130 Gbit/s when operating the MM VCSEL at 55 o C. After propagating through OM5 MM fiber (MMF), the transmission capacity of the VCSEL operated at 55 o C would decrease to 93.8 Gbit/s for 32-QAM GFDM and 83 Gbit/s for bit-loading DMT owing to the modal dispersion in OM5 MMF.

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“…In 2016, Puerta et al used multi-band OFDM data format to demonstrate the ODFM transmission with the data rate of 107.5 Gbps over 10-m MMF 47 . In addition, Tsai et al employed 850-nm MM VCSEL with the modulation bandwidth of 14 GHz to directly perform the QAM-OFDM transmission in MM fiber 48 . By using the OFDM subcarrier pre-leveling technology to compensate the component of the high-frequency OFDM subcarriers, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) above the FEC criterion can be achieved to 13 GHz with the pre-leveling slope of 0.2 dB/GHz over 100-m MM fiber transmission, which makes the 16-QAM-OFDM data transmission obtain the best error vector magnitude (EVM) of 17.1% and the lowest BER of 3.4×10 -3 .…”

Section: Data Transmission Performance Of the High-speed Vcselmentioning

confidence: 99%

850/940-nm VCSEL for optical communication and 3D sensing

Cheng¹,

Shen²,

Kao³

et al. 2018

Opto-Electronic Advances

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This paper is going to review the state-of-the-art of the high-speed 850/940-nm vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL), discussing the structural design, mode control and the related data transmission performance. InGaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well (MQW) was used to increase the differential gain and photon density in VCSEL. The multiple oxide layers and oxide-confined aperture were well designed in VCSEL to decrease the parasitic capacitance and generate single mode (SM) VCSEL. The maximal modulation bandwidth of 30 GHz was achieved with well-designed VCSEL structure. At the end of the paper, other applications of the near-infrared VCSELs are discussed.

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Multi-Mode VCSEL Chip with High-Indium-Density InGaAs/AlGaAs Quantum-Well Pairs for QAM-OFDM in Multi-Mode Fiber

Cited by 29 publications

References 33 publications

Multimode VCSEL Enables 42-GBaud PAM-4 and 35-GBaud 16-QAM OFDM for 100-m OM5 MMF Data Link

Multimode VCSEL Enables 42-GBaud PAM-4 and 35-GBaud 16-QAM OFDM for 100-m OM5 MMF Data Link

Review of VCSELs for Complex Data-Format Transmission Beyond 100-Gbit/s

850/940-nm VCSEL for optical communication and 3D sensing

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