Multi-objective gear ratio and shifting pattern optimization of multi-speed transmissions for electric vehicles considering variable transmission efficiency

Kwon, Kihan; Jo, Junhyeong; Min, Seungjae

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.121419

Cited by 29 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In short, it can be concluded from the work, that highly flexible gear shifting strategy is crucial in optimizing EV driving mileage, and such flexibility is possible with the optimized multispeed transmission in the EV powertrain. Other works involving the optimization of multispeed discrete transmission in EV can be found in [34][35][36][37][38][39]. However, unlike [33,34] they presented the optimization of twospeed transmission in an electric truck subjected to specific gradient route without heavy traffics, and the motor's efficiency mapping also included regenerative braking efficiency.…”

Section: Multispeed Discrete Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the aforementioned shifting strategy and driving cycle, the two ratios of the transmission were optimized for efficiency and acceleration using particle swarm optimization (PSO). The results showed that, when compared against one-speed trans- Other works involving the optimization of multispeed discrete transmission in EV can be found in [34][35][36][37][38][39]. However, unlike [33,34] they presented the optimization of two-speed transmission in an electric truck subjected to specific gradient route without heavy traffics, and the motor's efficiency mapping also included regenerative braking efficiency.…”

Section: Multispeed Discrete Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next, ref. [36] presented a work carried out to optimize the gear ratios of two-speed DCT based on not only the motor's efficiency, but also the transmission efficiency. In the work, the transmission efficiency model was developed by taking into account the losses at the gear meshing, bearings, clutch and concentric shaft.…”

Section: Multispeed Discrete Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A summary of the works presented in [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] is provided in Table 2 and they highlighted the significance of optimizing the gear ratios and the gearshifting strategy to achieve powertrain efficiency and driving performance. Some of these works have started to discuss on the gearshifting mechanism, but analysis on jerking and actuation power usage during shifting was still limited.…”

Section: Multispeed Discrete Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of the Methods to Optimize Power Flow in Electric Vehicle Powertrains for Efficiency and Driving Performance

et al. 2022

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Electric vehicles (EV) are quickly gaining a foothold in global markets due to their zero tailpipe emissions and increasing practicality in terms of battery technologies. However, even though EV powertrains emit zero emissions during driving, their efficiency has not been fully optimized, particularly due the commonly used single-speed transmission. Hence, this paper provides an extensive review on the latest works carried out to optimize the power flow in EV powertrains using multispeed discrete transmission, continuously variable transmission and multi-motor configurations. The relevant literatures were shortlisted using a keyword search related to EV powertrain in the ScienceDirect and Scopus databases. The review focused on the related literatures published from 2018 onwards. The publications were reviewed in terms of the methodologies applied to optimize the powertrain for efficiency and driving performance. Next, the significant findings from these literatures were discussed and compared. Finally, based on the review, several future key research areas in EV powertrain efficiency and performance are highlighted.

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Section: Multispeed Discrete Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multispeed Discrete Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multispeed Discrete Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multispeed Discrete Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Review of the Methods to Optimize Power Flow in Electric Vehicle Powertrains for Efficiency and Driving Performance

et al. 2022

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“…To further improve the overall efficiency, experts and scholars have begun to study the application of multi-speed transmissions to EVs. Several studies have shown that two-speed and other multi-speed transmissions can improve the transmission efficiency of EVs, thereby enhancing vehicle dynamics [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Some scholars developed novel multi-speed transmissions for EVs to improve vehicle energy economy [ 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Clamping Force Control of CVT for Electric Vehicles Based on Slip Characteristics

Zhu

Liu

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The low mechanical efficiency of metal belt’s continuously variable transmission (CVT) limits its application in new energy vehicles. To further improve CVT efficiency and reduce the energy consumption of electric vehicles (EVs) with CVT, this paper proposes a pure electric CVT configuration and a clamping force control strategy. The slip characteristics of CVT are obtained through a bench test, the dynamic model of CVT slip is established, and a clamping force fuzzy control strategy is designed. The strategy is studied by simulation under extreme conditions and standard driving cycles. The simulation results show that the proposed clamping force control strategy has good adaptability. Under extreme conditions, this strategy can ensure that CVT does not undergo macro slip, while reducing the clamping force by 12.86–21.65%. Energy consumption per 100 km is 14.90 kWh in NEDC, which is 6.67% lower compared with the traditional strategy. CVT average efficiency and average transmission efficiency increased by 3.71% and 6.40%. The research results demonstrate that adjusting the CVT clamping force through fuzzy control based on the slip rate can improve the CVT efficiency and energy economy of EVs, which provides a certain reference for CVT clamping force control strategy development and the application of CVT on EVs.

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Optimization of multi-speed transmission for electric vehicles based on electrical and mechanical efficiency analysis

2023

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Multi-objective gear ratio and shifting pattern optimization of multi-speed transmissions for electric vehicles considering variable transmission efficiency

Cited by 29 publications

References 31 publications

Review of the Methods to Optimize Power Flow in Electric Vehicle Powertrains for Efficiency and Driving Performance

Review of the Methods to Optimize Power Flow in Electric Vehicle Powertrains for Efficiency and Driving Performance

Research on Clamping Force Control of CVT for Electric Vehicles Based on Slip Characteristics

Optimization of multi-speed transmission for electric vehicles based on electrical and mechanical efficiency analysis

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