Multi-Objective Optimization of Urban Drainage System by Integrating Rule-Based Control with Permeable Pavement

Abstract

This study integrated rule-based control (RBC) and permeable pavements to assess the combined effectiveness in reducing the combined sewer overflow (CSO) and energy consumption of the urban drainage system (UDS). Non-dominated sorting was employed to identify the optimal RBC preset parameters under varying rainfall intensities and permeable pavement installation proportion. Cost-effectiveness was calculated for different RBC parameters and permeable pavement installation scenarios. The contribution of installing permeable pavements in each sub-catchment to the cost-effectiveness was quantified using frequency statistics. The combined effectiveness of the RBC and LID achieved maximum reduction rates of 51.12% to 72.46% in the CSO volume and 14.75% to 33.89% in energy consumption across return periods from 2-year to 20-year. The key findings were as follows: (1) Optimization of the RBC preset parameters can reduce the CSO volume and energy consumption, but the effectiveness is limited by the capacity of the UDS. (2) In the UDS, the permeable pavement installation area and return periods of design rainfall significantly impact the optimization of RBC. (3) The impact of the RBC parameters on the cost-effectiveness of installing permeable pavements in each sub-catchment is minimal. (4) The cost-effectiveness of installing permeable pavement varies across different sub-catchments.