Multi-residue analysis and ultra-trace quantification of 36 priority substances from the European Water Framework Directive by GC–MS and LC-FLD-MS/MS in surface waters

Portable Microfluidic Chip Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Sensor for Crystal Violet

“…There is an increasing demand for developing a fast, convenient, and reliable analytical methodology with easy-to-operate devices for on-site analysis in order to determine contaminants in the field (Barrek et al 2009;Gu, Wang, and Yan 2010). Traditional detection methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), are available (Wille et al 2012;Patrolecco et al 2013) but are expensive, laboratory-based, and require technical expertise and sophisticated instruments.…”

Optimisation of pressurised liquid extraction for the ultra-trace quantification of 20 priority substances from the European Water Framework Directive in atmospheric particles by GC–MS and LC–FLD–MS/MS

“…These 0.45-m nitrocellulose filters were then packed with aluminium foil, dried in an oven (50 • C) during 24 h and stored in a freezer (−18 • C) until extraction. The filtered water was also analysed as described elsewhere [42] in order to quantify the compounds which could be dissolved in water before the extraction step, allowing the measurement of the pollutant concentration of particles without any loss.…”

“…Chromatographic separation was performed on a 30 m × 0.25 mm I.D, 0.25 m HP-5MS column (Agilent Technologies, Avondale, USA), equipped with a guard column. GC-MS parameters were optimized as described elsewhere [42]. Briefly, initial oven temperature was set at 70 • C for 2 min, followed by a linear ramp to 150 • C at a rate of 25 • C min −1 .…”

“…Analyses were performed on Agilent 1100 series HPLC (Agilent Technologies, Heilbronn, Germany) equipped with a reversedphase C18 Isis Nucleodur EC (125 mm × 2.1 mm, pore size 3 m) column (Macherey-Nagel, Hoerdt, France) as described elsewhere [42]. Briefly, the column was kept at 27 • C and the sample injection volume was set at 20 L. A binary mobile phase gradient with 1 mM NH 4 Ac in Milli-Q water (A) and pure MeOH (B) was used at a flow rate of 0.25 mL min −1 .…”

“…In order to achieve a good separation of the 20 selected compounds, the chromatographic and spectrometric conditions were evaluated and optimized as described elsewhere [42]. The more volatile compounds were analysed by gas-chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with electron impact ionisation.…”