Multi-residue method for the analysis of synthetic surfactants and their degradation metabolites in aquatic systems by liquid chromatography–time-of-flight-mass spectrometry

Lara-Martín, Pablo A.; González-Mazo, Eduardo; Brownawell, Bruce J.

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2011.02.031

Cited by 75 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Esses percentuais podem ser considerados satisfatórios e se encontram dentro da faixa de valores encontrada na literatura. 19,28,33,34 A análise estatística (teste-t de Student independente) entre a recuperação dos homólogos do LAS e surrogates, nos casos sem e com utilização de SPE, revela que não houve diferenças significativas; ou seja, os valores do t calculado foram menores que t tabelado (1,860) com 8 graus de liberdade e p = 0,05, com exceção dos casos em que interferentes coeluiram com os homólogos do LAS. Na Tabela 2 são apresentados os valores da recuperação pelos dois métodos utilizados na preparação das amostras.…”

Section: Figura 1 Cromatograma Da Separação Dos Homólogos E Isômerosunclassified

Quantificação de alquilbenzeno linear sulfonato em estação de tratamento de efluentes e rios por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e extração em fase sólida

Silva¹,

Gavazza²,

Florêncio³

et al. 2017

Quim. Nova

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Recebido em 28/06/2016; aceito em 21/12/2016; publicado na web em 05/02/2017 QUANTIFICATION OF LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE IN SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS AND RIVERS BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION. The procedures to implement a chromatographic method for the quantification of linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) in the influent, effluent and sludge of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), and in river water and sediment, are described and evaluated. The columns octylsilane (C 8 ) and octadecylsilane (C 18 ) for high performance liquid chromatography were evaluated for separation of LAS homologues. The results showed that both columns separated the four homologues, but C 18 was better for separation of the isomers of each homologue. This enabled to qualitatively evaluate the degradation of homologues in the WWTP, according to their respective isomers. Samples pretreatment by solid phase extraction (SPE) columns, strong anionic exchange (SAX) and C 18 , was also evaluated. SPE was necessary for water river samples, either to concentrate LAS or to remove interference in the matrix; however, for WWTP samples, SPE showed unnecessary. The recovery of LAS homologues, after the procedures for sample preparation, was 90 to 110% with an accuracy of 1 to 5%. The WWTP was efficient in LAS removal from domestic sewage; however, the concentrations in water and sediments of the receiving body were higher than the limits established by legislation due to illegal discharges of untreated sewage.Keywords: LAS homologues and isomers; anaerobic treatment; validation of chromatographic method; SPE pre-treatment. INTRODUÇÃOAlquilbenzeno linear sulfonato (LAS -linear alkylbenzene sulfonate) é o tensoativo aniônico mais utilizado como princípio ativo dos detergentes e sabões em pó, e por isso, o de maior produção (3 milhões de toneladas em 2000) e consumo mundial (18,2 milhões de toneladas em 2003). O produto comercial é uma mistura de homólogos e isômeros de posição com cadeias lineares contendo de 10 a 14 átomos de carbono e foi introduzido no mercado como substituto biodegradável do alquilbenzeno sulfonato (ABS -alkylbenzene sulfonate). 1,2 O LAS é produzido pela sulfonação do alquilbenzeno linear (LAB -linear alkylbenzene), obtido pela alquilação de Friedel Crafts. Neste processo são usados diferentes catalisadores, alterando o percentual dos isômeros e, consequentemente, a viscosidade, a solubilidade e a aplicação do produto final. Quando o ácido fluorídrico é utilizado como catalisador, o percentual dos isômeros em cada homólogo é quase equivalente (17 a 20%); e quando o cloreto de alumínio é utilizado, são produzidos, majoritariamente, os isômeros 2-fenil (2Ø) (30%), seguido do 3Ø (20%) e decrescendo gradualmente para os isômeros 4Ø a 6Ø (15 a 16%). 1,3 O maior consumo doméstico de LAS tem provocado o aumento das suas concentrações em esgotos sanitários (1 a 15 mg L -1 ) que chegam nas estações de tratamento (ETE) ou nas águas de rio, bem como nos lodos de ETE (<1 a 10 g kg -1 de matéria seca) ...

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Section: Figura 1 Cromatograma Da Separação Dos Homólogos E Isômerosunclassified

Quantificação de alquilbenzeno linear sulfonato em estação de tratamento de efluentes e rios por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e extração em fase sólida

Silva¹,

Gavazza²,

Florêncio³

et al. 2017

Quim. Nova

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Soxtec is an alternative extraction method based on Soxhlet, but the addition of several boiling and rinsing steps reduces the extraction time to 45 min and solvent consumption to 50-100 mL [53,54]. Application of ultrasounds followed by centrifugation or filtration to separate extracts from solid matrices is another cheap option for extracting surfactants due to the high extraction efficiency in a short time [40,55,56]. On the other hand, it also shows the same problems than SLE and Soxhlet extraction (high volume of organic solvents and toxic wastes).…”

Section: Extraction From Solid Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Available data concerning to the presence of aliphatic anionic (AES) and nonionic (AEOs) surfactants, as well as cationic surfactants of any class, are rather limited. There are only a few papers about the occurrence of AEOs [36,40,43,44] and AES [19,31] in sediments, showing levels ranging from <0.1 to 23 mg/kg. Some authors have also measured concentrations between <0.1 and 72 µg/L for AES [19,31] and AEOs [36,40,43] in surface waters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are only a few papers about the occurrence of AEOs [36,40,43,44] and AES [19,31] in sediments, showing levels ranging from <0.1 to 23 mg/kg. Some authors have also measured concentrations between <0.1 and 72 µg/L for AES [19,31] and AEOs [36,40,43] in surface waters. QACs have been measured at levels ranging from less than 2 µg/L in surface waters [20] to more than 100 mg/kg in sediments [45,46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Levels of surfactants in surface sediments are usually higher by several orders of magnitude than those measured in water due to their moderate to high sorption capacity. Thus, the presence of LAS [31,[38][39][40] and NPEOs [22,[41][42][43][44] has been widely detected in sediments, with levels ranging from less than 1 to more than 200 mg/kg and from less than 0.1 to 28.5 mg/kg respectively. Available data concerning to the presence of aliphatic anionic (AES) and nonionic (AEOs) surfactants, as well as cationic surfactants of any class, are rather limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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This chapter offers a comprehensive overview of the main application fields of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry ( LC – MS ) technology, highlighting practical aspects, advantages, and shortcomings. The areas covered include environmental and food applications. Emphasis is placed on potentiality and pitfalls of the different LC – MS approaches to perform both confirmation analysis and large‐scale screening analysis of pesticides, drugs, and toxins using both low‐ and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The key role of LC – MS in the emerging omics technologies (proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics) will also be discussed along with “global” or “targeted” strategies to identify a huge number of proteins or metabolites. Latest advances and potential trends using LC – MS are also outlined in the several branches of the analytical chemistry.

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Multi-residue method for the analysis of synthetic surfactants and their degradation metabolites in aquatic systems by liquid chromatography–time-of-flight-mass spectrometry

Cited by 75 publications

References 30 publications

Quantificação de alquilbenzeno linear sulfonato em estação de tratamento de efluentes e rios por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e extração em fase sólida

Quantificação de alquilbenzeno linear sulfonato em estação de tratamento de efluentes e rios por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e extração em fase sólida

Analysis of Surfactants in Environmental Samples by Chromatographic Techniques

LC – MS Applications in Environmental and Food Analysis

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