“…The effective-medium theory can be used by embedding air holes in cubic or fan-shaped dielectric unit cells to realize inhomogeneous permittivity distribution. 3-D Printed techniques (additive manufacturing) 34 , 45 , 46 , printed metasurfaces 47 , 48 , laser-cutting 49 , PCB milling, and dielectric substrate drilling 50 , 51 are methods to fabricate this medium.…”