Multi-scale characterization of austenite reversion and martensite recovery in a cold-rolled medium-Mn steel

Benzing, Jake T.; Silva, Alisson Kwiatkowski da; Morsdorf, Lutz; Bentley, J.; Ponge, Dirk; Dutta, Aniruddha; Han, Jeongho; McBride, James R.; Leer, Brandon Van; Gault, Baptiste; Raabe, Dierk; Wittig, J. E.

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2019.01.003

Cited by 79 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Accordingly, for the calculation of the SFE in this work, the C content is approximated to be 0.064 wt.%. This is in line with the findings of experimental approaches using atom probe tomography and EDS on a MMnS with very similar chemical composition and phase fractions after IA [22]. Overall, the high YS in the X6MnAl12-3 alloy, despite the low C content, can be explained by the presence of hard α' and the ultrafine-grained microstructure, which affects the flow stress significantly [34,35].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The tensile axis (TA) was perpendicular to the rolling direction (RD). The temperatures for the austenitization annealing and the IA were selected based on previous studies for a MMnS with a very similar chemical composition [22,23]. Additionally, dilatometer measurements were performed after cold rolling to determine A c1 and A c3 , ensuring that the IA was performed in the α-γ two-phase region and that the temperature for the Metals 2019, 9, 344 3 of 20 austenitization was higher than A c3 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past, there have been numerous efforts to analyze the impact of annealing parameters during the IA on the initial microstructure and the partitioning of alloying elements on the individual phases [1,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Subsequent studies have dealt with the activation of secondary deformation mechanisms in γ and the strain partitioning in the microstructural constituents of different hardness [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While microstructural investigations have revealed that adiabatic heating effects during high-speed tensile tests partially suppress the TWIP and TRIP effect, the strain partitioning behavior in multi-phase MMnS has primarily been investigated during quasistatic tensile testing. [2,4,22,23,[27][28][29] However, the microstructural response in combination with the strain partitioning behavior is especially interesting in the case of MMnS. This is because of possible differences in the response to the plastic deformation at high strain rates of the individual microstructural constituents of the multi-phase microstructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strain-Rate-Dependent Deformation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of a Multi-Phase Medium-Manganese Steel

Sevsek

Haase

Bleck

2019

Metals

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The strain-rate-dependent deformation behavior of an intercritically annealed X6MnAl12-3 medium-manganese steel was analyzed with respect to the mechanical properties, activation of deformation-induced martensitic phase transformation, and strain localization behavior. Intercritical annealing at 675 °C for 2 h led to an ultrafine-grained multi-phase microstructure with 45% of mostly equiaxed, recrystallized austenite and 55% ferrite or recovered, lamellar martensite. In-situ digital image correlation methods during tensile tests revealed strain localization behavior during the discontinuous elastic-plastic transition, which was due to the localization of strain in the softer austenite in the early stages of plastic deformation. The dependence of the macroscopic mechanical properties on the strain rate is due to the strain-rate sensitivity of the microscopic deformation behavior. On the one hand, the deformation-induced phase transformation of austenite to martensite showed a clear strain-rate dependency and was partially suppressed at very low and very high strain rates. On the other hand, the strain-rate-dependent relative strength of ferrite and martensite compared to austenite influenced the strain partitioning during plastic deformation, and subsequently, the work-hardening rate. As a result, the tested X6MnAl12-3 medium-manganese steel showed a negative strain-rate sensitivity at very low to medium strain rates and a positive strain-rate sensitivity at medium to high strain rates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Strain-Rate-Dependent Deformation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of a Multi-Phase Medium-Manganese Steel

Sevsek

Haase

Bleck

2019

Metals

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Characterization and Analysis of Plastic Instability in an Ultrafine‐Grained Medium Mn TRIP Steel

Teng

Pramanik

et al. 2022

Adv Eng Mater

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Herein, the mechanical and magnetic behavior of an ultrafine‐grained (UFG) medium manganese (Mn) transformation‐induced plasticity (TRIP) steel is focused on in its plastic instability. The in situ methods of digital image correlation (DIC) and magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) are used to macroscopically characterize the propagation of the Lüders band (stretcher–strain marks) and the evolution of MBN activities during quasistatic tensile deformation. The evolution of microstructure during the plastic instability is investigated ex situ using X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for selected plastic strain states. It is showed in the results that the plastic instability of this steel is associated with an increase of hardness and enrichment of dislocation density, which can also amplify the MBN signal, while the derived coercivity behaves reversely on an overall trend due to work hardening. The different stress response of the medium Mn steel is closely related to the kinetic martensite microstructure, which in turn modifies the domain–structure response. Thus, the MBN can be used as a potential means for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) for the strengthening of the UFG medium Mn TRIP steel.

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Potential Significance of Low Tempering Treatment in Improving the Mechanical Properties of a Cold‐Rolled and Intercritical Annealed Medium Mn Steel

Zhang

Duan

Liu

et al. 2022

steel research int.

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Herein, the effect of tempering at 200 °C for 20 min on the mechanical properties of a cold-rolled and intercritical annealed medium Mn steel is investigated in this study. This effect is mainly dependent on the original annealing condition. For the sample annealed at a relatively low temperature (660 °C), the austenite stability of this sample is further improved significantly after tempering. Thus, the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect is severely inhibited during deformation, which leads to a decrease in the properties of the sample. By contrast, for the sample possessing suitable austenite fraction (%30%) and heterostructure, that is, the sample annealed at 680 °C for 10 min, the simultaneously increased strength and ductility are significantly intrigued by tempering treatment. Electron probe microanalysis and 3D atom probe results reveal that C concentration in austenite is increased due to the C repartition during tempering, which leads to the persistent TRIP effect in a broad strain range during tensile deformation. In addition, the heterogeneous-deformation-induced stress of the heterostructured sample is found to be obviously intensified by tempering treatment. Thus, an excellent strength plastic synergistic effect with a product of ultimate tensile strength and total elongation of approximately 70 GPa% is obtained in the tempered sample.

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Multi-scale characterization of austenite reversion and martensite recovery in a cold-rolled medium-Mn steel

Cited by 79 publications

References 82 publications

Strain-Rate-Dependent Deformation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of a Multi-Phase Medium-Manganese Steel

Strain-Rate-Dependent Deformation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of a Multi-Phase Medium-Manganese Steel

Characterization and Analysis of Plastic Instability in an Ultrafine‐Grained Medium Mn TRIP Steel

Potential Significance of Low Tempering Treatment in Improving the Mechanical Properties of a Cold‐Rolled and Intercritical Annealed Medium Mn Steel

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