“…Large curvature of off-axis aspheric lenses are quite common freeform optics, whose applications are beyond just short-throw projection and Head-Up Displays (HUDs) and are used in a wide range of optical technologies. In short-throw projection, large curvature freeform optics enable the creation of compact and portable projectors that can be easily integrated into various environments like home theatres, classrooms, and business presentations [3,4]. This allows for immersive multimedia experiences and flexible projector placement.…”