Multi-vibration detection by probe pulses with ergodic SOPs in a POTDR system

Wang, Xiangchuan; Hu, Jintao; Wang, Feng; Yong, Yingqiong; Zhang, Yixin; Xue, Min; Zhang, Xuping; Pan, Shilong

doi:10.1364/oe.26.028349

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Another possibility is to use a polarimeter to measure the polarization of the light and use machine learning to detect polarization changes [ 20 ] or to use a polarization beam splitter (PBS) and a balanced photodetector (BPD) to directly measure polarization changes [ 21 , 22 ]. Measurements using a PBS can also be incorporated into reflectometry methods [ 23 ], that is, PBS can be used for POTDR sensing.…”

Section: Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of Events Violating the Safety of Physical Layers in Fiber-Optic Network Infrastructures

Ruzicka

Jabloncik

Dejdar

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Fiber-optic network infrastructures are crucial for the transmission of data over long and short distances. Fiber optics are also preferred for the infrastructure of in-building data communications. In this study, we use polarization analysis to ensure the security of the optical fiber/cables of the physical layer. This method exploits the changes induced by mechanical vibrations to polarization states, which can be easily detected using a polarization beam splitter and a balancing photodetector. We use machine learning to classify selected events that violate the safety of the physical layer, such as manipulation or temporary disconnection of connectors. The results show the resting state can be accurately distinguished from selected security breaches for a fiber route subjected to environmental disturbances, where individual events can be classified with nearly 99% accuracy.

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Section: Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of Events Violating the Safety of Physical Layers in Fiber-Optic Network Infrastructures

Ruzicka

Jabloncik

Dejdar

et al. 2022

Sensors

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show abstract

“…Here, it is worth mentioning that in order to achieve multipoint vibration detection using P-OTDR in the hybrid system, several methods can be employed, e.g. using the fast Fourier transform spectrum analysis method [13], employing two-dimensional image processing and statistical clustering method [16], and using probe pulses with ergodic states of polarization [27], etc.…”

Section: Vibration Detection Using P-otdr In the Proposed Hybrid Sensing Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Distributed Vibration and Temperature Sensing Using Multicore Fiber

et al. 2019

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Distributed optical fiber sensing that enables simultaneous vibration and temperature monitoring is demonstrated in this work, which is achieved by implementing polarization optical time-domain reflectometry (P-OTDR) and Raman optical time-domain reflectometry (ROTDR) respectively through space-division multiplexed (SDM) configuration in different cores of a multicore fiber (MCF). Optimized system setup is obtained in the proposed hybrid system, where only one laser source is used, and the generated pulse is shared by the two reflectometers. Owing to the reason that separate interrogation fiber cores are used by the two reflectometers, the proposed hybrid system allows for simultaneous measurements of spontaneous Raman and Rayleigh scattering signals, thus it no longer suffers from the incompatible pump power levels issue, which results from different pump power demands, and hinders the implementation of the hybrid system in single mode fiber due to the fiber nonlinear effects imposed restriction. In addition, in order to extend the sensing range, we also explore the employment of wavelet transform denoising technique in the improvement of signal-to-noise ratio of ROTDR measurement. Eventually, simultaneous distributed vibration and temperature sensing in 5.76 km sensing range with 3 m spatial resolution and 0.57 • C temperature uncertainty has been demonstrated. The proposed hybrid sensing system has the outstanding advantage of high reliability, since the cross-sensitivity issue is effectively mitigated, which shows great potential for pipeline monitoring in oil and gas industry.INDEX TERMS Multicore fiber, space-division multiplexing, distributed temperature sensing, distributed vibration sensing.

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Higher order statistics of the Mueller matrix in a fiber with an arbitrary length impacted by PMD

Zhou

2020

Opt. Express

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The higher order (such as the 2nd order and the 4th order) moments of the Mueller matrix elements are important to estimate the polarization mode dispersion (PMD) induced power fluctuations for the forward propagation and the backward scattered signals (e.g. fluctuation of the Raman gain and the Brillouin gain). Current knowledge about the Mueller matrix is limited to the 2nd order moments of its elements in a sufficiently long fiber. In this work, the higher order moments of the Mueller matrix elements of a fiber with arbitrary length is studied analytically. The stochastic differential equations (SDEs) for the moments of the Mueller matrix elements are derived and converted to the related ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Since the ODEs are with the constant coefficients, it is possible to obtain the analytical solutions. The predicted 2nd order moments in a sufficiently long fiber agree well with the existing results. The results of the 4th order moments of the Mueller matrix elements in an arbitrarily long fiber are validated by the numerical simulations with excellent agreement.

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Multi-vibration detection by probe pulses with ergodic SOPs in a POTDR system

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Classification of Events Violating the Safety of Physical Layers in Fiber-Optic Network Infrastructures

Classification of Events Violating the Safety of Physical Layers in Fiber-Optic Network Infrastructures

Simultaneous Distributed Vibration and Temperature Sensing Using Multicore Fiber

Higher order statistics of the Mueller matrix in a fiber with an arbitrary length impacted by PMD

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