“…Some Jian-Lian Chen Te-Ling Lu Yi-Chen Lin nanomaterials, including latex [11], lipoprotein [12,13], silica [14,15], titanium oxide [16,17], gold [18][19][20], and carbon nanotubes (CNT) [21][22][23][24][25], have been used in OT-CEC. However, only a few examples involved in chemical bonding of these materials onto OT capillaries exist.…”