Multicompartmental Trauma Induces Persistent Inflammation and Organ Injury

Munley, Jennifer A.; Kelly, Lauren S.; Gillies, Gwendolyn S.; Pons, Erick E.; Kannan, Kolenkode B.; Whitley, Elizabeth M.; Bible, Letitia E.; Efron, Philip A.; Mohr, Alicia M.

doi:10.1016/j.jss.2023.08.033

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“… 36 Euthanasia was performed by terminal anesthesia with cardiac puncture and exsanguination. 37 The spleen and the right soleus muscle were collected and weighed. Acute muscle wasting has been associated with decreased physical function after insult in critically ill patients, thus we sought to characterize acute muscle wasting by measuring soleus weight.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A rat model of multicompartmental traumatic injury and hemorrhagic shock induces bone marrow dysfunction and profound anemia

Kelly,

Munley,

Pons

et al. 2024

Anim Models and Exp Med

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BackgroundSevere trauma is associated with systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction. Preclinical rodent trauma models are the mainstay of postinjury research but have been criticized for not fully replicating severe human trauma. The aim of this study was to create a rat model of multicompartmental injury which recreates profound traumatic injury.MethodsMale Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral lung contusion and hemorrhagic shock (LCHS), multicompartmental polytrauma (PT) (unilateral lung contusion, hemorrhagic shock, cecectomy, bifemoral pseudofracture), or naïve controls. Weight, plasma toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), hemoglobin, spleen to body weight ratio, bone marrow (BM) erythroid progenitor (CFU‐GEMM, BFU‐E, and CFU‐E) growth, plasma granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) and right lung histologic injury were assessed on day 7, with significance defined as p values <0.05 (*).ResultsPolytrauma resulted in markedly more profound inhibition of weight gain compared to LCHS (p = 0.0002) along with elevated plasma TLR4 (p < 0.0001), lower hemoglobin (p < 0.0001), and enlarged spleen to body weight ratios (p = 0.004). Both LCHS and PT demonstrated suppression of CFU‐E and BFU‐E growth compared to naïve (p < 0.03, p < 0.01). Plasma G‐CSF was elevated in PT compared to both naïve and LCHS (p < 0.0001, p = 0.02). LCHS and PT demonstrated significant histologic right lung injury with poor alveolar wall integrity and interstitial edema.ConclusionsMulticompartmental injury as described here establishes a reproducible model of multicompartmental injury with worsened anemia, splenic tissue enlargement, weight loss, and increased inflammatory activity compared to a less severe model. This may serve as a more effective model to recreate profound traumatic injury to replicate the human inflammatory response postinjury.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After 24 h, tissues were transferred to 70% ethanol and then sectioned, stained in Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), and embedded in paraffin. 37 A blinded veterinary pathologist analyzed the lungs for injury using grading previously described; each category was graded from 0 (no injury) to 4 (severe changes) (Appendix S2 ). 43 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%