“…Non-viral vectors such as lipids, lipid-like materials, polymer or hybrid systems are widely studied for delivery of mRNA vaccines, which have low unwanted immune responses in contrast to the viral systems including adeno- associated viruses, lentiviruses and the Sendai virus ( Giacca and Zacchigna, 2012 ; Midoux and Pichon, 2015 ; Hajj and Whitehead, 2017 ). Liposomes (LPs) are the most appealing and commonly used non-viral carriers of mRNA vaccines ( Markov et al, 2015 ; Kranz et al, 2016 ; Persano et al, 2017 ; Verbeke et al, 2017 ). The mRNA loaded LPs namely RNA-LPX for cancer immunotherapy have been in phase I dose-escalation trial ( Kranz et al, 2016 ).…”