Multidisciplinary Practical Guidelines for Gastrointestinal Access for Enteral Nutrition and Decompression From the Society of Interventional Radiology and American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute, With Endorsement by Canadian Interventional Radiological Association (CIRA) and Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE)

Gastrostomy Tube Placement Outcomes in Children: Comparison of Open and Laparoscopic Methods

“…Pediatric patients who are the candidates for gastrostomy generally must have normal or near-normal gastric motility, including gastric emptying time as well as small bowel motility [9]. Studies revealed that laparoscopic technique reduces gastro esophageal reflux disease in neurologically impaired patients by improving gastric emptying [10].…”

Placement of feeding tubes using fluoroscopy guidance and over-the-wire technique: A technical review

“…1 Widely accepted means of nutrition are total parenteral nutrition and enteral nutrition (EN). [1][2][3][4] The latter, in the form of tube feeding, is the traditional and preferred route of nutritional support in many institutions because it is widely considered to be more physiologic and less invasive. 1,5 Despite multiple randomized trials and meta-analyses, there is ongoing controversy as to whether one is superior to the other with regard to the quality of nutrition, morbidity, and mortality.…”

“…1,2,4 Although it is still debatable in a real world setting, animal studies have suggested that with EN the mucosal integrity is preserved leading to less bacterial translocation and decreased stimulation of systemic inflammatory response. 2,3 EN is provided through a tube that can either be placed through the nostril (nasogastric or nasojejunal feeding tubes) or mouth (orogastric or orojejunal tubes) or percutaneously through the abdominal wall (percutaneous gastrostomy or jejunostomy). 3 There is controversy with regard to which modality is superior.…”

“…2,3 EN is provided through a tube that can either be placed through the nostril (nasogastric or nasojejunal feeding tubes) or mouth (orogastric or orojejunal tubes) or percutaneously through the abdominal wall (percutaneous gastrostomy or jejunostomy). 3 There is controversy with regard to which modality is superior. 3,6 Transnasal feeding tube is the traditional means of EN and is widely accepted due to the simplicity of its placement.…”

“…3 There is controversy with regard to which modality is superior. 3,6 Transnasal feeding tube is the traditional means of EN and is widely accepted due to the simplicity of its placement. 5,7 Although placement of transnasal feeding tubes is less invasive and inexpensive compared to other modalities, it has been related to poor quality-of-life measures including subjective discomfort, poor cosmesis, and influence on social activities.…”