Multielement Analysis of Soft Drinks by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

Abstract

Several commercial soft drinks and respective plastic bottles were analyzed for their multielement contents employing the synchrotron radiation total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry technique (SRTXRF). The SRTXRF method has been developed and validated, and about 20 elements were detected in the investigated samples, including some trace elements, which can be toxic for human beings, such as Ti, Cr, Sb, As, and Pb in soft drinks and Al, Sb, As, and Pb in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) containers. Statistical analysis was performed using chemometric techniques (principal component analysis and cluster analysis), and similarities were verified in the multielement contents of the samples. The results demonstrated that the SRTXRF offers a good multielemental approach for the quality control of food products. Moreover, on the basis of enrichment factors, the possibility of the trace elements in the PET container may be leached to the beverages under normal commercial situations and other results were discussed.

A espectrometria atômica e a determinação de elementos metálicos em material polimérico

“…Em vista disto, alguns trabalhos têm procurado desenvolver métodos confiáveis e mais rápidos, para que possam ser empregados em análises de rotina. [42][43][44][45] Diemer e Heumann 42 desenvolveram um método para a determinação de Pb, Cd, Cr e Hg em poliolefinas por ICP-MS, usando como calibração a diluição isotópica, após o pré-tratamento da amostra com ácido nítrico utilizando HPA (high pressure asher). Os resultados foram comparados com aqueles obtidos por ionização térmica (TI-IDMS) mostrando boa concordância.…”

“…Os melhores resultados (dentro de ± 10% do valor obtido por NAA) foram obtidos utilizando-se adição de analito (solução aquosa) e calibração interna com Ar 2+ ou Ir + . 43 Resano et al 65 realizaram a determinação simultânea de Co, Mn (catalisadores do processo de síntese), P e Ti (aditivos) em amostras de PET, por ETV-ICP-MS, comparando as medidas por ICP OES e fluorescência de raios-X (XRF). Os resultados foram estatisticamente equivalentes para as três técnicas.…”

Mineral Composition and Nutritive Value of Isotonic and Energy Drinks

“…Most often, essential trace elements [16,17], such as Cu, Fe, and Zn, and toxic metals [5,[16][17][18], including Pb and Cd, were quantified. Rarely, studies of essential macroelements, such as Ca, K, Mg, Na, and P, have been conducted [5,18].…”

“…For such typical beverages as tea and coffee or mineral water multielemental (for about 20 elements and more), analysis has been often carried out and reported for various brands and products originating from different sources and markets [19]. Nevertheless, a limited number of research papers have been devoted to multielemental analysis of different soft drink types, for example, apple [20] and other fruit juices [17,21], cola [17], guarana soft drinks, [17] and energy drinks [18]. Measurements based on quantification of major and trace elements have been performed using spectroscopic methods mostly.…”

“…Most often, atomic absorption spectrometry with flame and electrothermal atomizers have been used. Atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma [18][19][20][21] and other methods, for example, atomic fluorescence spectroscopy [17], mass spectrometry, and X-ray fluorescence [16], have been also employed for element quantification.…”