Multielement spectrometer for efficient measurement of the momentum transfer dependence of inelastic x-ray scattering

Fister, Tim T.; Seidler, Gerald T.; Wharton, Lennard; Battle, A. R.; Ellis, Tisha; Cross, J. O.; Macrander, Albert T.; Elam, W. T.; Tyson, Trevor; Qian, Qi

doi:10.1063/1.2204581

Cited by 99 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…All NIXS measurements were performed with the lower energy resolution inelastic x-ray scattering (LERIX) spectrometer [30] at sector 20-ID-B of the Advanced Photon Source. Incident energy selectivity was accomplished with a double-bounce Si(111) monochromator, providing ~1.4 eV FWHM energy resolution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core and shallow-cored- tof-shell excitations in rare-earth metals

et al. 2011

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We report on the results of probing the light lanthanide metals Ce, Pr, and Nd with inelastic x-ray and electron scattering. Transmission electron microscope-based electron spectroscopy and nonresonant inelastic x-ray scattering are shown to be in a high degree of accord, and here serve as complementary probes of electronic structure. The high resolution and high signal-to-noise electron technique allows for the measurement of the complex and subtle excitation spectra in the lanthanide metals, validating the applicability of the screened trivalent atomic model used for these materials. In addition, the momentum transfer dependence of the x-ray scattering is extracted and compared against atomic calculations for the most tightly bound excitonic resonances, which provides a direct test of the predicted atomic radial wave functions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core and shallow-cored- tof-shell excitations in rare-earth metals

et al. 2011

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“…100 The SBCA is mounted to an aluminum plate that is supported by a rod-end bearing and is held by springs against the micrometer tips at the vertical and horizontal tangent points of the optic. In Fig.…”

Section: Monochromator Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A laboratory-based hard x-ray monochromator for high-resolution x-ray emission spectroscopy and x-ray absorption near edge structure measurements

Seidler

Mortensen

Remesnik

et al. 2014

Review of Scientific Instruments

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144

160

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We report the development of a laboratory-based Rowland-circle monochromator that incorporates a low power x-ray (bremsstrahlung) tube source, a spherically-bent crystal analyzer (SBCA), and an energy-resolving solid-state detector. This relatively inexpensive, introductory level instrument achieves 1-eV energy resolution for photon energies of ~5 keV to ~10 keV while also demonstrating a net efficiency previously seen only in laboratory monochromators having much coarser energy resolution. Despite the use of only a compact, air-cooled 10 W xray tube, we find count rates for nonresonant x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) comparable to those achieved at monochromatized spectroscopy beamlines at synchrotron light sources. For xray absorption near edge structure (XANES), the monochromatized flux is small (due to the use of a low-powered x-ray generator) but still useful for routine transmission-mode studies of concentrated samples. These results indicate that upgrading to a standard commercial highpower line-focused x-ray tube or rotating anode x-ray generator would result in monochromatized fluxes of order 10 6 -10 7 photons/s with no loss in energy resolution. This work establishes core technical capabilities for a rejuvenation of laboratory-based hard x-ray spectroscopies that could have special relevance for contemporary research on catalytic or electrical energy storage systems using transition-metal, lanthanide or noble-metal active species.

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“…The present synergy between steadily progressing ab initio theoretical treatments 2,3,9,10 and on-going improvements in instrumentation 11 in studies of nonresonant x-ray Raman scattering (XRS) shows a strong potential for rapid progress on this old problem 5,6 . XRS is the inelastic scattering of hard x-rays from bound electrons, and XRS studies have seen a recent explosion in the number and range of applications 5,6,11,12,13,14,15,16,17 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…XRS is the inelastic scattering of hard x-rays from bound electrons, and XRS studies have seen a recent explosion in the number and range of applications 5,6,11,12,13,14,15,16,17 . In comparison with q-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) 18 , XRS is more suited for bulk condensed matter systems 13 due to the large penetration length afforded by the relative high-energy incident and scattered photons.…”

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confidence: 99%

Exciton spectroscopy of hexagonal boron nitride using nonresonant x-ray Raman scattering

et al. 2008

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We report non-resonant x-ray Raman scattering (XRS) measurements from hexagonal boron nitride for transferred momentum from 2 to 9Å −1 along directions both in and out of the basal plane. A symmetry-based argument, together with real-space full multiple scattering calculations of the projected density of states in the spherical harmonics basis, reveals that a strong pre-edge feature is a dominantly Y10-type Frenkel exciton with no other s-, p-, or d -components. This conclusion is supported by a second, independent calculation of the q-dependent XRS cross-section based on the Bethe-Salpeter equation. The physics of low-energy photoelectrons in solids is a complex, many body problem 1 . All aspects of the electronic structure of the material must be taken into account 2,3 , including the interaction between the photoelectron and the complementary hole 3,4,5,6 . This latter effect allows for similar long-lived bound states in metals (generally called Fermi-edge singularities) 7 and in insulators (called excitons) 8 . As a canonical example of a many body problem in condensed matter physics, core-excitons are a topic of continuing interest 4,5,6 .The present synergy between steadily progressing ab initio theoretical treatments 2,3,9,10 and on-going improvements in instrumentation 11 in studies of nonresonant x-ray Raman scattering (XRS) shows a strong potential for rapid progress on this old problem 5,6 . XRS is the inelastic scattering of hard x-rays from bound electrons, and XRS studies have seen a recent explosion in the number and range of applications 5,6,11,12,13,14,15,16,17 . In comparison with q-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) 18 , XRS is more suited for bulk condensed matter systems 13 due to the large penetration length afforded by the relative high-energy incident and scattered photons. The measured q-dependent XRS provides direct information about multipole contributions to the dynamic structure factor S(q, ω) 5,6,14,15,16 . It can be directly compared with theoretical calculations of S(q, ω) 6,14,15,16 , and can in some cases be inverted to provide an experimental measure of the perturbed projected density of states (l -DOS) 10,19 , which can again be compared to theory.XRS has shown itself to be especially suitable for spectroscopy of the angular characteristics of core excitons at the near edge region. For example, XRS studies 5,6 on LiF and icosahedral B 4 C convincingly demonstrated s-, and p-type excitons at the F and B K-edges, respectively, which can be attributed to atoms located at a center of inversion symmetry of the unit cell with parity a good quantum number for the final states 6 . Here, we demonstrate that for some systems one can learn not only the ∆l selection rule for the exciton but also a full description of its angular characteristics in terms of spherical harmonics, Y lm .We present measurements of the q-dependent XRS of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), an anisotropic system with all atoms sitting at positions with reflection symmetry to the basal plane (Figure 1,...

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Multielement spectrometer for efficient measurement of the momentum transfer dependence of inelastic x-ray scattering

Cited by 99 publications

References 50 publications

Core and shallow-cored- tof-shell excitations in rare-earth metals

Core and shallow-cored- tof-shell excitations in rare-earth metals

A laboratory-based hard x-ray monochromator for high-resolution x-ray emission spectroscopy and x-ray absorption near edge structure measurements

Exciton spectroscopy of hexagonal boron nitride using nonresonant x-ray Raman scattering

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