“…With a few exceptions (e.g. Costanzo and Goodnight, 2005), prior studies have confirmed that celebrity endorsement has a positive effect on consumers responses such as ad attitude, brand attitude and purchase intention across different formats of advertising (Knoll and Matthes, 2017;Rundin and Colliander, 2021;Kusumasondjaja and Tjiptono, 2019;Till et al, 2008;Pornpitakpan, 2004;Till and Busler, 2000;Erdogan, 1999;Erdogan et al, 2001;Kamins and Gupta, 1994;Kamins, 1990;Lynch and Schuler, 1994;Misra and Beatty, 1990). These consumer responses have been the most widely used dependent variables in marketing communication research in general (Bergkvist and Langner, 2017) and celebrity endorsement research in particular (Choi and Rifon, 2012;Lee et al, 2014;Paul and Bhakar, 2017;Russell and Rasolofoarison, 2017).…”