Multifactorial analysis of optical properties, sorption, and solubility of sculptable universal composites for enamel layering upon staining in colored beverages

Abstract

Objective To analyze the effects of factors 'composite,' 'medium,' and 'time' on color, translucency, and sorption/solubility of sculptable universal composites for enamel layering upon immersion in colored beverages. Materials and methods Disk‐shaped specimens, 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick (n = 5/group), of ultrafine, hybrid composite Essentia (GC), microhybrid Gaenial Anterior (GC), nanofilled Filtek Ultimate Enamel and Body ( 3M ESPE) were immersed in red wine, coffee, or distilled water for 15 days. CIELab color coordinates were measured and CIEDE2000 (∆E00) and Translucency Parameter differences (∆TP00) were calculated. Sorption and solubility were determined according to ISO 4049:2009. Data were analyzed using the analyses of variance and Tukey's post‐hoc test (α = 0.05). Results Essentia and Gaenial exhibited the lowest and the highest staining‐dependent color differences, with mean ∆E00 range of 1.7–6.1 and 5.1–11.3, respectively (p < 0.05). ∆TP00 was more pronounced in wine than in coffee (p < 0.05). Sorption and solubility varied between 9.8 and 15.3 μg/mm3 and −1.6 and −5.4 μg/mm3, respectively, with positive correlation between ∆TP00 and sorption (p = 0.005). Conclusions Total color and translucency differences of sculptable composites for enamel layering were material‐, time‐ and medium‐dependent. Translucency differences positively correlated with sorption. Overall, the ultrafine, hybrid composite exhibited the best results in terms of color stability, sorption and solubility. Clinical significance Clinicians should be aware of differences in color stability of sculptable composites for enamel layering as these are directly exposed to discoloration in the oral environment and are directly related to patients' long‐term satisfaction and restoration longevity. Ultrafine, hybrid composite may be preferred due to better color stability, lower sorption and solubility compared to nanofilled and microhybrid composites evaluated in this study.

Effects of bioflavonoid-containing mouth rinses on optical properties of tooth-coloured dental restorative materials

“…Protective PVP-VA coating may also be the reason for a different staining pattern in composites (and glass ionomer), i.e. the lack of progressive increase in staining over time, which was previously reported in other staining scenarios 30 , 31 . It is generally known that staining of dental restorative materials has an extrinsic and intrinsic component, the former occurring due to pigment adsorption on material surface and the latter due to absorption of pigments and internal structural changes in the polymer.…”

Color stability of resin‐based composites: Staining procedures with liquids—A narrative review

“…Any disagreement was resolved by discussion. After full text reading 178 studies 11,13–189 were included in the review (Figure 1).…”

Effects of staining and artificial aging on optical properties of gingiva-colored resin-based restorative materials

“…Wine induced the greatest ΔE 00 /ΔE ab in all tested gingiva-colored-shaded materials, except IvoBase CAD, followed by coffee and artificial aging. Wine is known to one of the most potent discolorants of tooth-colored materials [17,22] which is the reason for its frequent use to screen color stability of restorative materials. Previous studies also reported comparable or higher color differences induced by red wine than coffee in gingiva-colored resin-based restorative materials [7,8,24,26] with curry being another potent discolorant for this type of materials [19].…”

“…Color stability is usually determined by immersion of samples in colored beverages, most often red wine and coffee, due to their strong staining potential. Unlike tooth-colored restorative materials [16][17][18][19][20][21][22], optical properties of gingiva-colored resinbased restorative materials have not been extensively studied. Effects of staining in various colored beverages on surface properties were evaluated for gingiva-colored composites [7,8,23] and CAD/CAM or resin-based denture base materials [24][25][26].…”