Multifocal electroretinography in isolated arterially perfused bovine eye

Shahidullah, Mohammad; Chan, Ho Lung Henry; Yap, Maurice; Liu, Quan; To, Chi‐Ho

doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2004.00241.x

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Maintenance of outer retina function was determined by the presence of a stable ERG response as determined by each individual study. Of the eight studies, seven used flash ERG,27 30 – 33 35 36 and one used multifocal ERG (mfERG) 34. Two of the eight studies reported that without reperfusion, ERG activity is greatly decreased or absent within 5 min after enucleation 27 32.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impediments to eye transplantation: ocular viability following optic-nerve transection or enucleation

Ellenberg

Shi

Jain

et al. 2009

British Journal of Ophthalmology

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Maintenance of ocular viability is one of the major impediments to successful whole-eye transplantation. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the current literature to help guide future studies in order to overcome this hurdle. A systematic multistage review of published literature was performed. Three specific questions were addressed: (1) Is recovery of visual function following eye transplantation greater in cold-blooded vertebrates when compared with mammals? (2) Is outer retina function following enucleation and reperfusion improved compared with enucleation alone? (3) Following optic-nerve transection, is there a correlation between retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and either time after transection or proximity of the transection to the globe? In a majority of the studies performed in the literature, recovery of visual function can occur after whole-eye transplantation in cold-blooded vertebrates. Following enucleation (and reperfusion), outer retinal function is maintained from 4 to 9 h. RGC survival following optic-nerve transection is inversely related to both the time since transection and the proximity of transection to the globe. Lastly, neurotrophins can increase RGC survival following optic-nerve transection. This review of the literature suggests that the use of a donor eye is feasible for whole-eye transplantation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impediments to eye transplantation: ocular viability following optic-nerve transection or enucleation

Ellenberg

Shi

Jain

et al. 2009

British Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…Most have used positive pressure to force artificial perfusates [including Eagle's basal medium (Gouras and Hoff, 1970); Hank's salts (Niemeyer, 1975), modified Kreb's solution (Shahidullah et al, 2005), tissue culture medium (Peachey et al, 1993), and oxygenated blood (Tazawa and Seaman, 1972;Tseng et al, 1989)] into the eye. We have used modified Kreb's solution or oxygenated blood for ex vivo perfusion and demonstrated that ERG activity is maintained with these perfusates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoration of electroretinogram activity in exenterated swine eyes following ophthalmic artery anastomosis

Shi

Ellenberg

Kim

et al. 2009

Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience

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Purpose: To determine the feasibility of restoring electroretinogram (ERG) activity of exenterated swine eyes following in vivo arterial anastomosis. Methods: The carotid artery was exposed and cannulated. The eye was exenterated along with the extraocular muscles and surrounding connective tissue. Prior to eye transplantation, the ophthalmic artery was identified and anastomosed to the carotid artery. Perfusion was confirmed by injecting FITC-conjugated tomato lectin into the anastomotic tubing and performing confocal microscopy of retinal flat-mounts. Dark-adapted ERG and optic nerve responses were analyzed to assess retinal function, and dilated eye examination and retinal imaging were performed. Results: Arterial anastomosis resulted in perfusion of blood from the carotid artery through the anastomosis and into the ophthalmic artery. Arterial perfusion was confirmed by the presence of tomato lectin-stained retinal vessels. Immediately following the anastomosis, ERG and optic nerve activities were minimal. However, an "a" wave (representing photoreceptor activity), "b" wave (representing bipolar cell activity), and optic nerve responses (representing RGC activity) were detected 30 min after reperfusion. Conclusions: Electroretinographic function is partially recovered following re-anastomosis of exenterated swine eyes. This model would be useful for further studies on eye transplantation.

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“…Bovine eyes were perfused using a method described in earlier studies on aqueous humor formation and multifocal electroretinogram (Shahidullah et al, 2003(Shahidullah et al, , 2005. The ophthalmic artery was cannulated and the eye perfused with a physiologic saline.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Renal-Like Organic Anion Transport System in the Ciliary Epithelium of the Bovine and Human Eye

Lee

Shahidullah

Hotchkiss

et al. 2015

Molecular Pharmacology

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The purpose of this study was to determine the direction of organic anion (OA) transport across the ciliary body and the transport proteins that may contribute. Transport of several OAs across the bovine ciliary body was examined using ciliary body sections mounted in Ussing chambers and a perfused eye preparation. Microarray, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to examine OA transporter expression in human ocular tissues. Microarray analysis showed that many OA transporters common to other barrier epithelia are expressed in ocular tissues. mRNA (RT-PCR) and protein (immunoblotting) for OAT1, OAT3, NaDC3, and MRP4 were detected in extracts of the human ciliary body from several donors. OAT1 and OAT3 localized to basolateral membranes of nonpigmented epithelial cells and MRP4 to basolateral membranes of pigmented cells in the human eye.Para-aminohippurate (PAH) and estrone-3-sulfate transport across the bovine ciliary body in the Ussing chambers was greater in the aqueous humor-to-blood direction than in the blood-to-aqueous humor direction, and active. There was little net directional movement of cidofovir. Probenecid (0.1 mM) or novobiocin (0.1 mM) added to the aqueous humor side of the tissue, or MK571 (5-(3-(2-(7-chloroquinolin-2-yl)ethenyl)phenyl)-8-dimethylcarbamyl-4,6-dithiaoctanoic acid; 0.1 mM) added to the blood side significantly reduced net active PAH transport. The rate of 6-carboxyfluorescein elimination from the aqueous humor of the perfused eye was reduced 80% when novobiocin (0.1 mM) was present in the aqueous humor. These data indicate that the ciliary body expresses a variety of OA transporters, including those common to the kidney. They are likely involved in clearing potentially harmful endobiotic and xenobiotic OAs from the eye.

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Multifocal electroretinography in isolated arterially perfused bovine eye

Abstract: Isolated arterially perfused bovine eye may be used as an experimental model to study retinal electrophysiology using mfERG. The in vitro eye may offer a convenient and easily obtainable alternative to live animals, particularly for drug screening and invasive studies.

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

Impediments to eye transplantation: ocular viability following optic-nerve transection or enucleation

Impediments to eye transplantation: ocular viability following optic-nerve transection or enucleation

Restoration of electroretinogram activity in exenterated swine eyes following ophthalmic artery anastomosis

A Renal-Like Organic Anion Transport System in the Ciliary Epithelium of the Bovine and Human Eye

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