Multifunctional AIE Nanosphere-Based “Nanobomb” for Trimodal Imaging-Guided Photothermal/Photodynamic/Pharmacological Therapy of Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infections

Abstract

Injudicious or inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria, posing a huge menace to global health. Here, a selfassembled aggregation-induced emission (AIE) nanosphere (AIE-PEG 1000 NPs) that simultaneously possesses near-infrared region II (NIR-II) fluorescence emissive, photothermal, and photodynamic properties is prepared using a multifunctional AIE luminogen (AIE-4COOH). The AIE-PEG 1000 NPs were encapsulated with teicoplanin (Tei) and ammonium bicarbonate (AB) into lipid nanovesicles to form a laseractivated "nanobomb" (AIE-Tei@AB NVs) for the multimodal theranostics of drugresistant bacterial infections. In vivo experiments validate that the "nanobomb" enables high-performance NIR-II fluorescence, infrared thermal, and ultrasound (AB decomposition during the photothermal process to produce numerous CO 2 /NH 3 bubbles, which is an efficient ultrasound contrast agent) imaging of multidrug-resistant bacteria-infected foci after intravenous administration of AIE-Tei@AB NVs followed by 660 nm laser stimulation. The highly efficient photothermal and photodynamic features of AIE-Tei@AB NVs, combined with the excellent pharmacological property of rapidly released Tei during bubble generation and NV disintegration, collectively promote broad-spectrum eradication of three clinically isolated multidrugresistant bacteria strains and rapid healing of infected wounds. This multimodal imaging-guided synergistic therapeutic strategy can be extended for the theranostics of superbugs.

Reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages as a unique approach to target tumor immunotherapy

“…Innate immunological pattern-recognition receptors called toll-like receptors (TLRs) can be triggered by viral nucleic acid and lipopolysaccharide found in bacterial particles ( 131 , 132 ). Activated TLRs effectively transform TAM into an M1-like phenotype in TME ( 133 , 134 ).…”

Development of organic photosensitizers for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy

“…10d). 105 The AIE-PEG 1000 NPs were effectively encapsulated with teicoplanin (Tei) and ammonium bicarbonate (AB) within lipid nanovesicles (NVs), forming a "nanobomb" formulation termed AIE-Tei@AB NVs. This nanobomb exhibited remarkable specificity for targeting MDR bacterial infection sites, facilitated by the NIR-II fluorescence and infrared thermal imaging of the foci by the photoluminescence and photothermal properties of AIE-PEG 1000 NPs upon 660 nm laser irradiation.…”

“…Copyright 2022, Elsevier. (d) Schematic illustration of the AIE-Tei@AB NVs for trimodal imaging-guided multimodal synergistic therapy of drug-resistant bacterial infections 105. Copyright 2023, American Chemical Society.…”

Delivery of AntagomiR-7 through polymer nanoparticles for assisting B Cell to alleviate systemic lupus erythematosus

“…With recent advances in nanotechnology, nanoparticle (NP)-based diagnostics and therapeutics have shown considerable success in clinical trials ( Kapadia et al, 2020 ; Li et al, 2021 ; Li H. et al, 2022 ; Wang et al, 2022 ). Nanoparticles have several advantages, including improved pharmacokinetic profiles of cytotoxic drugs, targeting capabilities and reduction of their toxicity ( Ban et al, 2019 ; Liao et al, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2021 ; Li et al, 2023 ). Notably, several nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been reported to reduce the progression of SLE in mouse models effectively.…”