2013
DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.09.009
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Multifunctional and multitargeted nanoparticles for drug delivery to overcome barriers of drug resistance in human cancers

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Cited by 54 publications
(34 citation statements)
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References 76 publications
(81 reference statements)
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“…Several reports discussed the internalization of NPs into cells by endocytic pathways relevant to drug-efflux pump mechanism in the reversal MDR [22,23]. The mechanism was complicated and the endocytic pathway was different when endosome escape behavior was triggered by the combination strategy.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Several reports discussed the internalization of NPs into cells by endocytic pathways relevant to drug-efflux pump mechanism in the reversal MDR [22,23]. The mechanism was complicated and the endocytic pathway was different when endosome escape behavior was triggered by the combination strategy.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…The principal barrier to effective anticancer therapy is acquisition of natural (inherited) and acquired resistance [5,9,25]. Natural resistance is the unresponsiveness of a tumor towards an anticancer drug, whereas acquired resistance is unresponsiveness of tumors that develops over the time against chemotherapeutics that are initially effective [12, 22, 25]. Over the years, a large number of elements have been discovered as factors claimed for MDR in cancer [23].…”
Section: Mdr In Cancermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They can be classified into two major categories; cellular and physiological factors. Cellular factors include molecular targets, genetic defects like polymorphisms and gene deletions, an over-expression of efflux pumps, reduced apoptosis and increased drug metabolism; while physiological factors include inter-cellular interactions, higher interstitial fluid pressure, a low pH environment, a hypoxic area within the tumor, irregular tumor vasculature, and the presence of cancer cells in areas difficult to penetrate [5,8,12,22-25]. …”
Section: Mdr In Cancermentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Developing special drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology has attracted great attention in the treatment of cancers during the last decades. 3,4 Nanocarriers such as liposomes, micelles and nanoparticles can achieve tumor-targeted delivery due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, or tumor-specific recognition to antibodies/ligands anchored on the surface of nanocarriers, 5 thereby reducing drug-induced systemic toxic effects. 6 The EPR effect refers to the enhanced permeability of nanoparticles across the tumor vascular barrier However, after internalization in tumor cells, nanoparticles are often trapped in endolysosomes and fail to deliver the payloads to their intracellular targets, thus significantly affecting the therapeutic efficacy of the drug.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%