“…Cancer is one of the diseases with the highest mortality rate in the world due to challenges in early detection, rapid metastasis, and severe side effects. , Nanomedicine has revolutionized cancer treatment by offering novel strategies for drug delivery, diagnosis, and therapy monitoring, − with advantages of improving curative effect, targeting desirable sites, and reducing side effects. − With the recent advancements in nanomaterial development, carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as a new class of fluorescent nanomaterials, which possess excellent fluorescence properties and the ability to simultaneously carry multiple drugs through covalent bonds, owing to their diverse surface functional groups such as amino, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups. , In comparison to traditional semiconductor quantum dots, CDs exhibit superior biocompatibility, low toxicity, minimal environment impact, abundant raw material sources, and cost-effective preparation methods . Furthermore, CDs offer several advantages, including resistance to fluorescence quenching, ease of surface modification, and stable fluorescence performance, making them widely applicable in biological imaging and drug delivery. − …”