The
crystallinity of a nonfullerene small-molecule acceptor plays
an important function in the bimolecular recombination and carrier
transfer of polymer solar cells (PSCs). However, because of the competition
between the donor (PBDB-T) and acceptor (ITIC) in processes of phase
separation and crystallization, the PBDB-T preferentially forms a
crystalline network, which limits the molecular diffusion of ITIC
and leads to the weak crystallinity of ITIC, eventually restricting
the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs. Therefore,
in our work, a small-molecule biomaterial, Gly-His-Lys-Cu (SMBM GHK-Cu),
is incorporated into binary PBDB-T:ITIC to construct a PBDB-T:ITIC:GHK-Cu
ternary system. The addition of GHK-Cu increases ITIC crystallinity
and promotes the formation in continuous single-phase domains of PBDB-T
and ITIC, which creates an optimized bicontinuous network path to
increase and balance charge transmission in PSCs. Meanwhile, GHK-Cu
makes energy transfer from GHK-Cu to PBDB-T appreciably efficient,
improving the photon capture and exciton-generation rate of PBDB-T.
Moreover, it can form a complementary absorption spectrum with PBDB-T
and ITIC, which enhances the PCE of ternary devices. Excitingly, the
PCE of PSC-based PBDB-T:ITIC is enhanced from 10.28% to 12.07% via
incorporating 0.1 wt % GHK-Cu into PBDB-T:ITIC, in which the enhanced
open voltage (V
OC) is 0.92 V, the short-circuit
current (J
SC) is 17.87 mA/cm2, and the fill factor (FF) is 73.4%. Meanwhile, the PCE of PSC-based
PM6:Y6 is also enhanced from 15.21% for a binary PSC to 17.11% for
ternary PSC-based PM6:Y6:0.1 wt % GHK-Cu. This work shows that the
cheap and environmentally friendly GHK-Cu has great potential for
application in tuning the crystallinity and phase separation of the
active layer.