Multifunctional Effect of <i>p</i>‐Doping, Antireflection, and Encapsulation by Polymeric Acid for High Efficiency and Stable Carbon Nanotube‐Based Silicon Solar Cells

Yang, Qian; Jeon, Il; Ho, Ya‐Lun; Lee, Changhyun; Jeong, Sujeong; Delacou, Clement; Seo, Seungju; Anisimov, Anton S.; Kaupinnen, Esko I.; Matsuo, Yutaka; Kang, Yoonmook; Lee, Hae Seok; Delaunay, J.J.; Maruyama, Shigeo

doi:10.1002/aenm.201902389

Cited by 43 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…[ 135 ] In hindsight this has developed CNT films to become closer to ITO in its function as a transparent conductive layer than as a hole selective contact. In fact, researchers have been so concerned with the figure of merit that few groups even considered interface passivation, [ 136 ] antireflective coatings [ 137 ] or light management, [ 138 ] device geometry or the use of a back surface in their devices. This is a peculiar observation, especially in light of their well‐established importance in the broader field of silicon photovoltaics.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotubes In Silicon Photovoltaicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several research groups have reported long term stable devices. [ 127a,136,156 ] However, in all cases the PCE was below 20% and accelerated stability testing such as 80 C/80 RH for high performance devices (>20%) is still lacking. In the roadmap provided above the CNTs are considered to be a stable material and the main problem for device stability is associated with the organic passivation strategy.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotubes In Silicon Photovoltaicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Nanotubes for Photovoltaics: From Lab to Industry

Wieland

Han

Rust

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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All other nanotube conformations (0° < θ < 30°) are referred to as being chiral. In this 1D system, circumferential electron confinement results in SWCNTs that are either metallic (m) or semiconducting (s) and the innate ability of small changes in diameter to impart large changes in the spectral position (size) of absorption maxima (bandgap) of the SWCNTs. [1a,2] For each chiral species these maxima appear as sets of discrete excitonic transitions (S 11 , S 22 , S 33 …etc.) in the infrared, visible, and ultraviolet and the ability to tune them with structure has made SWCNTs one of the most intensively studied nanomaterials of the past two decades. [3] SWCNTs meet all of the requirements for next generation technology to become flexible and potentially made entirely from carbon to aid disposal at the end of the product life-cycle. Applications for SWCNTs can be found across all fields of science including photonics, [4] telecommunications, [5] batteries, [6] fuel cells, [7] high frequency transistors, [8] biosensors, [9] novel memory devices, [10] molecular contacts, [11] and cancer research. [12] In particular, their chirality dependent bandgap, chemical stability, conductivity, and hole selectivity have made them attractive for new generation solar cells and light sensitive elements. [13] For example, there are 200 species in the dia meter range of 0.6-2 nm, which have first (S 11) and second (S 22) optical transitions ranging from 2.57 eV (visible) to 0.5 eV (near-infrared) and these already cover a majority of the solar spectrum (400-2000 nm), Figure 1d. [14] Being solutionprocessable and fiber-shaped, CNTs can easily be integrated into different types of solar cells with distinct functions. For example, as a photoactive layer in organic solar cell, a transparent electrode in silicon and perovskite solar cells or as counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells. [15] However, despite their promise, the number of real-world applications for SWCNTs in the photovoltaics (PV) industry continue to remain limited. The reasons for this are manifold and include the comparatively lower power conversion efficiency (PCE) and device area of SWCNT-based technologies, which drive simple cost-benefit arguments to retool existing production lines, ongoing challenges to orientate and control the structure of CNT films in a scalable manner, spurious health concerns associated with the use of CNTs [16] and importantly, the fact that it is still not possible to selectively synthesize SWCNTs of arbitrarily defined chirality. Most synthesis methods produce a 2:1 mixture of many semiconducting and metallic chiral types and even the CoMoCAT synthesis process, [17] which is well known to be highly enriched in small diameter (6,5), still contains at least 15 other chiral species in low concentration. Research efforts to achieve chiral specific growth are ongoing The use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in photovoltaics could have significant ramifications on the commercial solar cell market. Three interrelated research directions within t...

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Section: Carbon Nanotubes In Silicon Photovoltaicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbon Nanotubes In Silicon Photovoltaicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotubes for Photovoltaics: From Lab to Industry

Wieland

Han

Rust

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…Alternative high‐conductive contact based on low‐damage deposition processes such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), atomic layer deposition (ALD), or remote‐plasma deposition needs to be developed. [ 94,95 ]…”

Section: Emerging Hybrid Tandem Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Interconnection Layer for Hybrid Photovoltaic Tandems

Park

Lee

et al. 2020

Advanced Materials

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larger acceptance owing to their decreasing cost. However, Si cells feature power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) close to the maximum practically achievable value (29.4% for crystalline Si solar cells), which makes it difficult to further reduce the levelized cost of electricity by decreasing the power output-to-cost ratio. [7,8] The most straightforward solution to this problem is to hybridize multiple semiconductor layers in a tandem architecture for absorbing the different wavelengths of the solar spectrum using different solar cell technologies. [9-12] As proven by a theoretical tandem cell efficiency of ≈46%, [13] Si solar cells with a bandgap of 1.1 eV have been regarded as potential bottom subcells of hybrid tandems, additionally offering the benefits of mass production suitability owing to well-organized production lines and global supply chains. [13,14] However, Sibased hybrid tandem solar cells configured with cost-effective solar cell technologies, including dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and organic photovoltaics (OPV), have far lower efficiencies than single-junction Si solar cells, predominantly because of the insufficient compatibility of the employed materials with Si solar cells. [15-19] Metal halide perovskite-based solar cells have attracted significant attention in recent years because of their potential to be processed at low cost, high efficiencies, excellent optoelectronic properties, and tunable bandgap. They have therefore considered as prospective components of hybrid tandems. [20] Previous studies on the fundamental working principle of the hydrogenated amorphous Si (a-Si:H)/a-Si:H tandem and related validation by empirical investigations show the feasibility of combining different solar cell technologies, [6,21-23] as exemplified by the pairing of high-bandgap perovskite subcells with low-bandgap Si subcells or the assembly of dual perovskitebased tandem solar cells exploiting perovskite bandgap tunability. [14,24-26] To date, considerable effort has been directed at the development of wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) (1.65-1.8 eV) for hybrid tandem applications, [27,28] and remarkable progress (i.e., a high open-circuit voltage (V oc) of 1.31 V with a wide bandgap of 1.72 eV (>90% of the Shockley-Queisser limit)) has been achieved. [29] Currently, researchers aim to realize perovskite-based hybrid tandem solar cells with PCEs of 30%. Nonetheless, considerable electrical property and fabrication process adjustments are required to integrate singlejunction perovskites into the hybrid tandem architecture. The introduction of an intermediate layer to bridge different solar Hybrid tandem solar cells offer the benefits of low cost and full solar spectrum utilization. Among the hybrid tandem structures explored to date, the most popular ones have four (simple stacking design) or two (terminal/tunneling layer addition design) terminal electrodes. Although the latter design is more cost-effective than the former, its widespread application is hindered by the difficulty of preparing...

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“…Nafion is proving to be a promising dopant for carbon systems and was originally demonstrated for graphene and carbon nanotubes by Kwon et al [ 13 ] and Jeon et al, [ 14 ] respectively, and recently, Maruyama and co‐workers also demonstrated the use of Nafion in CNT:Si solar cells and reported a PCE of 14.4% for an area of 0.09 cm 2 . [ 15 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Front and Back‐Junction Carbon Nanotube‐Silicon Solar Cells with an Industrial Architecture

Chen

Tune

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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In the past, the application of carbon nanotube-silicon solar cell technology to industry has been limited by the use of a metallic frame to define an active area in the middle of a silicon wafer. Here, industry standard device geometries are fabricated with a front and back-junction design which allow for the entire wafer to be used as the active area. These are enabled by the use of an intermixed Nafion layer which simultaneously acts as a passivation, antireflective, and physical blocking layer as well as a nanotube dopant. This leads to the formation of a hybrid nanotube/Nafion passivated charge selective contact, and solar cells with active areas of 1-16 cm 2 are fabricated. Record maximum power conversion efficiencies of 15.2% and 18.9% are reported for front and back-junction devices for 1 and 3 cm 2 active areas, respectively. By placing the nanotube film on the rear of the device in a back-junction architecture, many of the design-related challenges for carbon nanotube silicon solar cells are addressed and their future applications to industrialized processes are discussed.

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Multifunctional Effect of p‐Doping, Antireflection, and Encapsulation by Polymeric Acid for High Efficiency and Stable Carbon Nanotube‐Based Silicon Solar Cells

Cited by 43 publications

References 60 publications

Carbon Nanotubes for Photovoltaics: From Lab to Industry

Carbon Nanotubes for Photovoltaics: From Lab to Industry

Recent Progress in Interconnection Layer for Hybrid Photovoltaic Tandems

Front and Back‐Junction Carbon Nanotube‐Silicon Solar Cells with an Industrial Architecture

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