“…Our group described the use of various NMs, such as chitosan-decorated G magnetic nanosheet [116], Ag in ionic solution [117], TiO 2 [118], titanium-based biochip [119], and ZnO [120], as affinity probes in MALDI-MS for enrichment of bacterial proteins from various bacteria in real samples (e.g., E. coli, Serratia marcescens Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, L. acidophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus). The NP-based MALDI-MS methods effectively detected many unknown bacterial proteins from biological samples (human skin, plants, ants and milk products).…”