Multifunctional Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Generated by Unusual Surface Modification

Abstract

The indium tin oxide (ITO) material has been widely used in various scientific fields and has been successfully implemented in several devices. Herein, the electrochemical reduction of ITO electrode in an organic electrolytic solution containing alkali metal, NaI, or redox molecule, N-(ferrocenylmethyl) imidazolium iodide, was investigated. The reduced ITO surfaces were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and grazing incident XRD demonstrating the presence of the electrolyte cation inside the material. Reversibility of this process after re-oxidation was evidenced by XPS. Using a redox molecule based ionic liquid as supporting electrolyte leads to fellow electrochemically the intercalation process. As a result, modified ITO containing ferrocenyl imidazolium was easily generated. This reduction process occurs at mild reducing potential around −1.8 V and causes for higher reducing potential a drastic morphological change accompanied with a decrease of the electrode conductivity at the macroscopic scale. Finally, the self-reducing power of the reduced ITO phase was used to initiate the spontaneous reduction of silver ions leading to the growth of Ag nanoparticles. As a result, transparent and multifunctional active ITO surfaces were generated bearing redox active molecules inside the material and Ag nanoparticles onto the surface.

Efficient photoselectrochemical hydrogen production utilizing of APbI 3 (A = Na, Cs, and Li) perovskites nanorods

“…The I3d region of the XPS spectrum can be deconvoluted into two peaks at 618.9 and 630.4 eV 41 . The appeared peak at 1072 eV is corresponding to Na1s 42 . Moreover, the Cs3d peaks appear at 724 and 737 eV 43 .…”

“…41 The appeared peak at 1072 eV is corresponding to Na1s. 42 Moreover, T A B L E 1 The XRD data for the three samples, TC, D, L, δ, (a, c) lattice parameter, unit cell V, and the strain the Cs3d peaks appear at 724 and 737 eV. 43 In addition to that, the Li1s appears at 53.8 eV.…”

The Effect of Heteroatom Doping on Nickel Cobalt Oxide Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution and Reduction Reactions

“…However, for the other elements O 1s, Co 2p and Ni 2p the background increases, after the corresponding peaks, due to the photoelectrons inelastic scattering suggesting the presence of those elements inside the material. [44] The core level spectrum of Ni2p was reported in Figure 4b and shows two different behaviors. The Ni2p spectra of the samples NÀ NiCoO and ClÀ NiCoO display a peak at 854.6 eV corresponding to Ni2p 3/2 and a peak at 872 eV for Ni2p 1/2 , both peaks are followed by a satellite.…”

Improvement of electrochemical detection of transthyretin synthetic peptide and its amino acids on carbon electrodes: Glassy carbon versus amorphous carbon nitride a-CNx

“…For this, the oxidation and/or reduction of the aqueous solvent should be minimized within a wide potential window and the electrode material has to present a fair electrochemical reactivity with respect to the targeted analytes to be detected. Therefore, transparent and conductive ITO-coated glass slides appeared to be the most appropriate for electrochemical measurements [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. However, the width of the potential window is at most 2 V for ITO.…”