Multifunctional P-Doped TiO<sub>2</sub> Films: A New Approach to Self-Cleaning, Transparent Conducting Oxide Materials

Sotelo-Vázquez, Carlos; Noor, Nuruzzaman; Kafizas, Andreas; Quesada-Cabrera, Raúl; Scanlon, David O.; Taylor, Alaric; Durrant, James R.; Parkin, Ivan P.

doi:10.1021/cm504734a

Cited by 119 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Anatase is one of the mineral forms of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) that is extensively used in many energy [35,50,51] and selfcleaning [52,53] applications. Its tetragonal crystal symmetry with good stability makes anatase an excellent material for electrochemical Li storage that could result in applications related to Li-ion batteries.…”

Section: Anatase Titanium Dioxide (Tio 2 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Aluminium‐Based Intercalation Batteries

Ambrož

Macdonald

Nann

2017

Advanced Energy Materials

204

144

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energy, [4] large scale and portable energy storage becomes increasingly more important. Therefore, continued research into high-performing alternatives, which will meet the increased demand is imperative. A common way of evaluating potential alternatives for Li-based batteries involves calculating the theoretical specific capacity of potential candidates and comparing these results with other figures of merit. This reasoning leads to the conclusion that metals in the upper left corner of the periodic table are more interesting than the others. Table 1 shows these calculations together with some other parameters for common metal anodes.A second important parameter when searching for potential battery materials is the oxidation potential of the anode, where lower (less noble) is better. Comparing these parameters for the metals listed in Table 1 shows immediately that Li is one of the most promising candidates, but rare. The second most promising metal is aluminium (Al), which has a relatively high standard oxidation potential. Heavier metals and those in higher groups show much worse performance indicators. Nevertheless, this method of evaluation has to be considered with caution, because it is based on numerous assumptions. Such as, that the anode is oxidized during the charging/discharging process, which is not true for many practical systems.The literature on non-Li based intercalation batteries is clearly dominated by sodium (Na), [9,10] magnesium (Mg) [11,12] and Al [13] systems that are all more abundant natural elements than Li. There are few examples of potassium (K) [14] and (Ca), [15] which coincides clearly with the trend observed in Table 1 (as mentioned above, low performing "candidates" have been omitted in this table). Great efforts are aimed at these alternatives to improve capacity, power and cycles. Comparing Na-ion with Li-ion batteries, the common feature is a monovalent ion that can be inserted/extracted into/from the electrode material. Here, only one charge transfer takes place in contrast to Mg-ion, Ca-ion or Al-ion where two and three charges are involved in redox reactions respectively. As a result of multielectron reactions, higher specific capacity and energy density may be obtained. A key issue in order for multivalent ion insertion to be feasible is the electrode material that has to allow ion mobility.In this review, electrode materials for Al-ion batteries, namely different cathodes are discussed. Furthermore, their performance is compared highlighting drawbacks and advantages of every material.Over the last decade, optimizing energy storage has become significantly important in the field of energy conversion and sustainability. As a result of immense progress in the field, cost-effective and high performance batteries are imperative to meeting the future demand of sustainability. Currently, the best performing batteries are lithium-ion based, but limited lithium (Li) resources make research into alternatives essential. In recent years, the performance of aluminium-ion batteries ha...

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Section: Anatase Titanium Dioxide (Tio 2 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Aluminium‐Based Intercalation Batteries

Ambrož

Macdonald

Nann

2017

Advanced Energy Materials

204

144

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“…Recent years, many researchers also pay attention to dope TiO 2 with non-metals such as S, N, P and B [16][17][18][19][20][21]. Among all the non-metalsdoped TiO 2 catalysts, N-doped TiO 2 had been intensively investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization of Cu, N co-doped TiO2 microspheres with enhanced photocatalytic activities

Liu¹,

Zou²,

Hakala³

et al. 2017

Adv Mater Sci

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The mesoporous Copper, nitrogen co-doped TiO 2 microspheres was prepared via solvothermal approach, followed by nitriding treatment under an ammonia gas flow. The crystalline structures of the as-prepared catalyst and the chemical compositions of Cu,N co-doped TiO 2 were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) respectively. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared sample was investigated by monitoring the degradation of Rhodamine-B under visible light irradiation.Experimental results indicated that mesoporous Cu,N co-doped TiO 2 microspheres showed higher photocatalytic activity than Cu-TiO 2 microspheres and anatase TiO 2 under visible light irradiation. The higher photocatalytic activity of the mesoporous Cu,N co-doped TiO 2 microspheres sample could be attributed to the synergistic effects of large BET surface area, extended light absorption, efficient charge separation which was stabilized by the presence of oxygen vacancies. It was discovered that, valence states maintain stability after nitriding treatment. The sample synthesized from 0.1% molar quantity of Cu dopant, and nitrided at 400℃ for 30 min gave the highest photocatalytic activity.

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“…This extremely valuable coincidence of properties means TCO find use in a wide variety of applications including for glazing, flat panel displays and solar panels, usually as electrodes. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] The former includes the control of secondary properties through, for example, film preferred orientation to minimise charge carrier obstacles and tune morphology so as to best suit the optical scattering needs of an application. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] As technologies continue to advance, demands on the hardware, including TCO components, are increasing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influencing FTO thin film growth with thin seeding layers: a route to microstructural modification

et al. 2015

Self Cite

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We report on the seeded growth of fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) polycrystalline transparent conducting oxide (TCO) thin films on float glass using a novel two-step chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method. Aerosol-assisted CVD (AACVD) was used to grow a seed layer to direct and promote full film growth via an atmospheric pressure CVD (APCVD) overlay. The method allowed for reproducible control over morphology and denser, rougher, higher-performing TCO at a relatively low growth temperature (500 1C). Growth promotion depended on seeding time with an optimal seeding time being present, below which morphology control and conformal coverage was unavailable. The film properties and functional characteristics were characterised by SEM, AFM, XRD, XPS, UV-Vis-Near IR transmittancereflectance and Hall Effect probe measurements. Highly transparent and electrically conductive films, comparable to commercial materials and with high roughness and low transmission haze values indicate the process yields high quality films with a controllable morphology that can be tuned to desired application. The versatile method provides a route towards the morphological control of high-quality FTO thin films with high optical clarity and low-emissivity properties and can be readily extended to a variety of different substrates and metal oxide materials. Fig. 7 Illustrative F-1s XPS sputtered depth profile spectra representative of FTO films formed at various AACVD seed -APCVD overlay times (A), XPS calculated F-1s binding energy positions (B), fluorine dopant concentration (C) and illustrative Sn-3d surface scan (D).

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Multifunctional P-Doped TiO₂ Films: A New Approach to Self-Cleaning, Transparent Conducting Oxide Materials

Cited by 119 publications

References 51 publications

Trends in Aluminium‐Based Intercalation Batteries

Trends in Aluminium‐Based Intercalation Batteries

Synthesis, characterization of Cu, N co-doped TiO2 microspheres with enhanced photocatalytic activities

Influencing FTO thin film growth with thin seeding layers: a route to microstructural modification

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Multifunctional P-Doped TiO2 Films: A New Approach to Self-Cleaning, Transparent Conducting Oxide Materials

Cited by 119 publications

References 51 publications

Trends in Aluminium‐Based Intercalation Batteries

Trends in Aluminium‐Based Intercalation Batteries

Synthesis, characterization of Cu, N co-doped TiO2 microspheres with enhanced photocatalytic activities

Influencing FTO thin film growth with thin seeding layers: a route to microstructural modification

Contact Info

Product

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Multifunctional P-Doped TiO₂ Films: A New Approach to Self-Cleaning, Transparent Conducting Oxide Materials