“…The bond fluctuation method , with explicit solvent is used to model self-assembled bilayers of lipids and their interactions with nanoparticles. This is a well-established and widely used theoretical method used to simulate various polymer systems ,,− and lipid bilayers. ,,, BFM can be used to reproduce equilibrium and elastic properties of dense polymer systems, polymer solutions, networks, copolymers, and dendrimers. Essential properties of lipids such as membrane fusion and pore nucleation have also been studied and reproduced by previous studies with the BFM method.…”