Multilayered samples reconstructed by measuring Kα/Kβ or Lα/Lβ X-ray intensity ratios by EDXRF

Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy/Monte Carlo simulation approach for the non-destructive analysis of corrosion patina-bearing alloys in archaeological bronzes: The case of the bowl from the Fareleira 3 site (Vidigueira, South Portugal)

“…thickness of corrosion/encrusted layers) may also be modeled considering the artifact as having a multilayered structure [18].…”

Use of Monte Carlo Simulation as a Tool for the Nondestructive Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) Spectroscopy Analysis of Archaeological Copper-Based Artifacts from the Chalcolithic Site of Perdigões, Southern Portugal

“…2b). [28][29] For this purpose, all the measured spectra were modeled as two-layered structures formed by: (a) the inner bulk layer; and (b) the outer superficial layer composed by the green oxidized corrosion patina and the brownish carbonate soil-derived encrustation.…”

Several approaches to the investigation of paintings with the use of portable X-ray fluorescence analysis

“…Two or more X-ray lines (Kα and Kβ, for example) of one element are usually visible in the X-ray spectrum, and the count rate ratio of these lines holds information on the depth distribution of the element (Cesareo et al, 2013), (Trojek et al, 2008). The deeper the element is located under the surface, the lower the Kα/Kβ ratio is, because the Kα line has lower energy than the Kβ line, so the Kα line is mostly more absorbed than the Kβ line.…”